The sea urchin has full artificial breeding and strong controllability of farming conditions, enabling artificial feeding management, lower breeding facilities costs, and rapid growth of sea urchins, high survival rate, short commodity period, harvest period of merchandise sea urchin and its market. The amount of put can also be controlled manually, which can further increase the value of goods and economic benefits. At present, sea urchin culture has entered large-scale production in Japan, France, the United States and other countries, and has achieved good results. Since the introduction of E. urticae in China, we have also begun a certain scale of sea bream farming and onshore industrial aquaculture production trials. Because the sea urchin has the advantages of fast growth, delicious meat quality, high meat yield, low disease incidence, low cost, etc., coupled with its short spine, it is convenient for cage culture or indoor breeding, thus achieving a breakthrough in a short period of time. In recent years, the rapid development of aquaculture in northern China has promoted the development of sea urchin agriculture in China. However, for some of China's original economic types, such as: light bulb sea urchin, purple sea urchin, horse dung urchin and other artificial breeding research has not much progress. At present, sea urchin artificial breeding methods at home and abroad are still based on sea bream farming and land factory farming. First, the sea bream culture 1. Sea areas choose to breed the sea area is clear in the clear water, high salinity, no industrial pollution, freshwater runoff is small, less floating mud, water depth of 10 meters or more, in winter without frozen water layer of the sea. At the same time, seaweed should be selected for its natural growth and easy to set floating sea areas. 2. Breeding equipment and bait The oyster culture of sea urchin has the advantages of aquaculture equipment that can be used together with other types of aquaculture equipment, lower breeding cost, higher input-output ratio, and therefore is more easily accepted by production units in China, and is easy to popularize. At present, this type of farming is more commonly used in Japan and China. There are many types of farming equipment available for bream farming, which is also used in Japan for farming in rectangular plastic boxes and is useful in large-scale cages or cages. With a large cage with a specification of 2 meters, 1.3 meters and 1.3 meters, each tank can raise about 20,000 young urchins with 1 cm in length. With the growth of young sea urchins, the culture density of sea urchins should be gradually reduced until they are close to the specifications of the commodity. At this time, each cage can be reduced to about 2,000. Feeding bait is mainly seaweed and other seaweeds. With plastic boxes (size 56 cm 36 cm 18 cm, two buttons used together) and plastic cylinders (size 30 cm and 70 cm) cultured, feeding feeds are also based on seaweeds. There are two kinds of net cages to choose from: Abalone breeding cage, 60 cm in diameter, a total of 12 layers; scallop breeding cage, a diameter of 33 cm, a total of 12 to 15 layers. Japan also has a net cage (80 cm, 90 cm, 30 cm). The cage is cut into 6 zones. Each cage can hold 5 mm of sea urchins with 5000 mm. When the shell diameter is longer than 10 mm, it needs to be reduced to 2000 per cage. Culture mesh cages of 5 mm to 10 mm individuals have a mesh size of 3 mm. When individuals reach 10 mm, the mesh size needs to be increased to 6 mm. Since the introduction of E. sinensis in China, scholars such as Wang Zichen and some aquaculture production units have carried out relevant research on the culture methods of the sea urchin, breeding equipment, breeding density, and bait. After comparative experiments on marine aquaculture with different equipment, it is believed that the current breeding cages for scallops, scallop cages, plastic cylinders, and plastic boxes can all be used for marine culture of sea urchins. Among them, the plastic culture cylinders have poor water-passage, and they are prone to silt deposits in some sea areas, resulting in the death of sea urchins and poor culture effects. The scallop culture cages have good water-resistance, can use existing equipment, and have low cost, but can be used for sea urchins to attach. The area is small, and the feeding operation is not convenient. If the feeding mouth is not tightly stitched, sea urchin escape is easy to occur; the plastic basket has a large attachment area, is easy to feed and manage, has a long service life and is moderate in cost, and is an ideal sea urchin. Breeding equipment; Abalone breeding cages with good water permeability, large aquaculture capacity, easy operation and management, but the higher cost, conditional units can also be used. Sea urchins are cultured with seaweeds such as kelp as the main bait. According to another report, some units in Hokkaido, Japan replaced sardines with algae-fed razor shelled sea urchins. Their breeding effect was significantly better than that of kelp. Sea urchin growth rate was 1.5 to 2 times faster than when feeding kelp. In France, sea urchin cultured with long kelp and palmate kelp as bait. According to reports, each ton of sea urchin is required to produce about 3 tons to 7 tons of kelp, and the feed efficiency is quite high, but the breeding equipment and breeding methods are unknown. Different specifications of sea urchin have different requirements for bait. For example, Japanese prawns Yima excrement sea urchins, 0.3 cm to 0.5 cm young larvae mainly feed on benthic diatoms, cystic algae, and sarcophagus, and 0.5 cm to 1 cm larvae mainly feed on benthic silicon. Algae and kelp, sea urchins above 1 cm in size, mainly ingest large seaweeds such as kelp and seaweed. The ingestion selectivity of common large seaweeds was as follows: kelp, wakame, cyanobacteria, sargassum, sarcophagus, burrowing Algae. In addition, under conditions of starvation, E. sinensis also feed on diets such as mussels, bryozoans, and stalks of sea stalks, and so it is possible to use this feature to carry out polyculture of E. urticae and abalone to achieve dredging and removal of adherents on the body surface. The purpose of bryophytes and other enemy pests. Feeding the bait should be based on the seed size, growth rate, and water temperature rise and fall. Usually it is fed once in 2 days. The growth period is 5 days to 7 days and the bait is applied once. The high temperature or cold season is 10 days to 15 days. Feeding should be appropriate so as not to clog the nets and affect the exchange of water in the tank. 3. Breeding density and aquaculture density of sea urchins are related to their size and specifications. They are also related to the type of farming equipment used. The density should be adjusted in time according to various parameters in the cultivation, and the cages should be regularly inspected for loopholes and removed in time. Floating mud, attached creatures, and predator creatures in the tank. 4. Production Management Marine production should be managed by a single vessel. The oysters cultured with abalone are generally single-boat 2 persons with 10 rows to 12 rows of oysters, and the oysters with scallops can be bred with 8 rows to 10 rows of oysters. It can also be used to control the algae culture platform. 5. Benefit analysis According to the result of the trial in Dalian, sea urchin seedlings with a shell diameter of 1 cm can be cultured for 12 months. The diameter of the shell can reach 4.5 cm, and the body weight can be 32-38 grams. The diameter of the shell is 5 cm and the weight is 53.4. g; 22 months shell diameter up to 6 cm to 7 cm, a body weight of 80 grams. Based on the analysis of its benefits, for the sake of Yima urchin and sea urchin, due to its high nutritional value, the market price is relatively optimistic. For example, according to analysis of oyster cultured in Taiwan, 24,000 pieces of stocks are stocked on each shelf, and the harvest rate is 90%. An average of 16 kilograms is calculated, and Taiwan's output is 1,350 kilograms. According to the current market price, the income per shelf is 65,600 yuan. Calculated at a cost and benefit ratio of 1:1, each shelf will benefit by 32,800 yuan. For example, according to analysis of scallop culture platform, 12,000 seedlings were used per shelf, and the average yield was 90% for each line of 90% harvest rate. The output per shelf was 657 kilograms. Based on the current market price, the revenue per shelf was 3.28. Ten thousand yuan, calculated according to the cost and benefit ratio of 1:1, each rack will benefit from 16,400 yuan. After nearly 2 years to 3 years of popularization and application, the results show that the shrimp Yima Sea Urchin can fully adapt to the water environment conditions of the northern coast of China, and even the growth rate is faster than that reported by the origin, reaching the commercial specification (5 cm) only It took 1.5 to 2 years. Diseases and deaths in aquaculture rarely occur. Therefore, it is likely to become one of the finest species of marine culture in coastal aquatic products in northern China. Sea urchin and kelp and wakame cultivation promoted in recent years can not only utilize the productive potential of floating raft breeding more effectively, but also increase their yield and economic efficiency. Moreover, the metabolites between the two organisms also have certain conditions. Complementary functions are also beneficial for maintaining and improving the ecological environment in the sea area. Second, the on-site factory culture of land-based farming aquaculture conditions and product control of the harvest period is strong, there are more than the type of eel culture without the advantages of seasonal and climatic constraints, and sea urchin growth is fast, high yield, The natural sea urchin can be used in the off-season supply market to increase commodity prices and increase market supply. The disadvantage is that the investment in facilities is relatively large and the cost of breeding is relatively high. The current breeding method has already formed a certain scale of breeding at home and abroad, and France, Japan and other countries have established large-scale land-raising plants. According to reports, French cultured sea urchins have made breakthroughs and have reached product specifications. Three bases for the management of sea urchin cultivation have been set up along the Normandy coast of France, including three bases established in Britannia. It plans to establish 10 such breeding sites in France within two to three years. Prof. Pierre Laguer, a marine biologist at C aen University in France, has studied the technology for culturing sea urchins in natural sea areas and has now reached the stage of commercialization. The cultivation of sea urchins is carried out in an aquaculture pond with an area of ​​5,000 square meters and does not need to be carried out in natural seas. Seawater can be obtained by digging wells. They even plan to breed sea urchins in the mountains. The temperature and water temperature in the building must be maintained at 18°C ​​and 21°C. LeMasson designed a cold and heat pump for sea urchin culture. The water flow rate in the culture pond must be kept at 1000 m/h, and the room must be dark. The water exchange volume is very low, about 1/10 of the water is changed every day, so the water consumption is very small. The salinity must be 26 to 36, and the precipitate is about 30 to 32. Although sea urchins are not sensitive to organic pollution such as nitrogen and phosphorus, copper, lead and zinc have a great impact on sea urchins. Sea urchin can secrete an active substance that can clean the seawater in its living area, but the seawater that flows into the culture pond cannot be polluted. The cultured sea urchins are fed with kelp and have good results. They have to breed 10 tons of sea urchin and need to feed 200 kilograms of seaweed every day. It takes 18 months for artificially cultured sea urchins to grow from seedlings to commodity sizes. About 2,000 tons of sea urchin is required in the French market each year, and it is predicted that the market demand will increase by a factor of two. Half of the consumption of sea urchins needs to be imported. Good quality sea urchins cost between 70 francs and 110 francs per kg in the French market. Domestically, in March 1996, Dalian Bay Sea Fishery Farm took the lead in conducting indoor full-breed aquaculture trials of Eriocheir sinensis. The trial uses a FRP sink with dimensions of 240 cm, 60 cm, and 30 cm for three-dimensional flow culture. The culture density is 1 cm. Sea urchin 5000/slot, 2 cm to 2.5 cm sea urchin 3000/slot, 3 to 3.5 cm sea urchin 2000/slot, 5 cm sea urchin 300/slot. The bait is seaweed, wakame, sarcophagus and other seaweeds, and the amount of bait per day is 5% of sea urchin weight. The aquaculture water is the cooling water of the power plant. The daily water supply is about 10 times that of the cultivation water body. The sea urchin cultured for 13 months grew from an average shell diameter of 1.16 cm and a body weight of 0.47 g to a shell diameter of 5.98 cm and a body weight of 61.5 g. The meat export rate was 18.0%. Dalian Pacific Ocean Treasures Co., Ltd. also uses land-based abalone facilities to cultivate shrimp razorball sea urchins. The containers used for the breeding are glass tank sinks with a specification of 2 meters, 0.8 meters, 0.25 meters and an area of ​​1.3 square meters. The distance between the bottom of the cage and the bottom of the tank is about 10 cm. In order to divide the bait and feces. There are no attachments in the cage. Feeding water is room temperature sand filter seawater, and the water supply for each tank is 3 times the water volume of the water tank in 24 hours. Feeding of feeds may vary depending on the circumstances, and may be supplemented every 3 days to 5 days. Only bait is added, and residual baits are not removed. At the same time, we also conducted a comparative test with food. The scale of sea urchin culture has exceeded 5,000 square meters. The output of sea urchin products exceeds 15 kilograms per square meter. Sea urchin seedlings with a size of 1 cm to 3 cm can reach commercial specifications (with a shell diameter of 4.5 cm or more) within 18 months. Has achieved good economic benefits. The culture density of sea urchin factory culture is mainly related to the amount of water supply, water temperature, and the individual size of sea urchins. Under the condition that the water supply per hour is not less than 20% to 40% of the cultivation water body, the sea cucumber urchin seedlings with a culture density of about 1 cm will be produced. About 1,000 to 2,000 square meters, about 500 to 1,000 square meters, and about 250 to 500 cubic meters or more are suitable.
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