In recent years, great changes have taken place in China's hog farming model, which has gradually shifted from the past farmers to the standardized mode of scale farming. However, due to the unreasonable site selection, irregular construction of pig houses and poor feeding and management, most of the farms (households) had poor results. The author briefly introduced the biological safety control measures for large-scale pig farms for reference.
Controlling Pig Farm External Environmental Site Selection
Site selection necessitates open terrain, high dryness, flatness or gentle slope, leeward sun (or north-south direction) and downwind of the village. The site has not been contaminated and no major animal epidemic has occurred. There are water sources, power supply and sewage discharge prevention. location. It is best to choose a hilly area with a natural epidemic prevention barrier to ensure that the pig farm is in the best external environment in production.
Field layout
The layout of pig houses is distributed from the upwind to the downwind according to the order of breeding, pregnancy, farrowing, feeding, conservation, fattening, isolation, and waste disposal areas. The production area should adopt three-point rearing of breeding pigs, conservation areas and fining and finishing areas, ie, three-point feeding methods of breeding pregnancy, delivery and conservation, growth and breeding houses, or two-point or multi-point production methods, ie, breeding pigs. It is completely isolated from a field (area), nursery-finishing field (district) or two field areas of a nursery pig, and changes the original “one-stop†production mode, which is conducive to the control of blue-ear disease and other live pig diseases. The pighouses should be between 8m and 12m apart, so that each pig house can be fully lighted, ventilated and ventilated. Isolation and sewerage facilities are downwind.
The construction of a pig house
The construction materials of the pig house should be conducive to heat insulation in the pig house, heat insulation in the summer as much as possible, and thermal insulation in winter. The floor and wall in the building should be easy to clean and disinfect the acid-resistant, alkali-resistant and other disinfectant liquids. Each pig house should be provided with a galvanized pipe in the middle of the house. Each room has a front and a back window, which is conducive to ventilation and ventilation.
Control the internal environment of pig farms and raise awareness of prevention
The pig farm staff should have the concept of “relying on weight and preventing and focusing on preventionâ€, “no disease prevention, environment, breeding, and management are all epidemic prevention†concepts, and conduct education on biological safety control in the entire production process of the farm, reducing Or eliminate pathogenic microorganisms contaminated in pig farms and reduce or eliminate exogenous infections and secondary infections in pigs. While doing a fine job of farm management, we can effectively control local diseases, strengthen industry communication, and effectively prevent diseases. The means of monitoring, early prevention, to minimize the incidence of the disease.
Regulatory production management
1. Establish detailed rules and regulations for all aspects of production management and strictly enforce them. Implementation of "all-in, all-out" management. All pigs born in the same age were all in and out, and the pig houses were cleaned and disinfected on schedule to achieve a planned and rhythmic production.
2. In addition to the fields used for herd turnover in each workshop, an idle disinfection unit and a motorized standby unit must be prepared to effectively prevent the accumulation of pathogenic bacteria and the conversion of conditional microorganisms to pathogenic microorganisms, and prevent the disease from growing in the farm vertical. spread.
3. There should be a dressing room in the field area, and disinfection facilities should be provided at the entrance between each area. Before entering the production areas, the staff must undress and bathe in the locker room, replace the disinfected work clothes, work caps and rubber shoes. After disinfecting the hands, the staff can enter the area after disinfection. Every person entering and exiting a pig house must go through a disinfection basin or disinfection tank at the entrance to disinfect the shoes.
Perform disinfection system
Farms are cleaned, rinsed and replaced with chemical disinfectants. In the farm entrance, the entrance of the production area, and the entrance of the pig house, set a disinfecting tank of the length and depth of the epidemic prevention regulations. In order to effectively eradicate the pathogens, the following disinfection procedures must be regularly implemented: every time entry disinfection, disinfection of pig houses, disinfection of feeding management appliances, disinfection of field environment, disinfection of pigs, and disinfection of drinking water.
Immunization program development and implementation
According to the national requirements for epidemic prevention, combined with the practice of the large-scale pig farms, the local swine disease law, and the status of epidemic-ill pigs, local veterinary laboratories were commissioned and standard kits were used to conduct foot-and-mouth disease, swine fever, and pig blue ear disease on pigs in large-scale pig farms. The antibodies of the disease species were tested and a reasonable immunization program was prepared based on the test results.
Strictly introduced quarantine
According to the order of quarantine, isolation, and re-quarantine, local veterinary laboratories should carry out etiological and serological methods to confirm the spread of diseases such as swine fever, blue ear disease, and foot-and-mouth disease. When it is necessary to introduce breeding pigs, do a good job in the investigation of the epidemic situation in the producing areas. Introduce the breeding pigs to the large-scale provincial-level and above-species breeding farms with the Production and Management Permit for Breeding of Livestock and Poultry, and introduce the quarantine certificate of origin, ask for breeder breeder cards and breeder certifications. And formal invoices. The introduction of breeding pigs should be observed in the isolation room on the 45th, after confirming health, can enter the production area.
Scientific formula feed
To feed the full price of the diet, feed should be formulated in accordance with the standards for pig feeding in China and at different growth stages of the pig. Pay attention to the ratio of energy and protein, especially the mixing of premixes should be strictly in order to ensure the supplement of minerals, vitamins and essential amino acids.
Optimize culture environment
1. Breeding farms should do a good job in pig farm greening in order to beautify the environment, absorb harmful gases, reduce odors, create a comfortable and healthy production environment for pig growth, and absorb ammonia, hydrogen sulfide, etc. from pig farms. Harmful and toxic substances, filter, purify air, reduce odor.
2. Sewage treatment facilities Conditional pig farms should establish a biogas digester that is compatible with the scale of feeding, and the excreta of the farm should be fermented by the biogas digester. Fecal urine, waste, and sewage treatment are part of the control of the pig farm epidemic. The pig farm should combine the characteristics of the site and establish a complete treatment system. While doing a good job in contaminant treatment, it is necessary to regularly perform tasks such as weeding, ditching, rodent extermination, and disinfestation, prohibiting breeding of animals such as dogs and cats in the area, and improving the comprehensive disease prevention capability of the farm.
Implementation of artificial insemination
In order to breed pigs in pig farms, artificial insemination techniques are used as far as possible. Pig artificial insemination technology is an important means for scientific pig raising and modernization of pig production. The implementation of artificial insemination can reduce the production cost of breeding boars and the risk of epidemics brought by boars, and is conducive to the purification of pig farms.
Scientific diagnosis and treatment of diseases
The incidence of live pigs in pig farms should be promptly treated. Drug susceptibility testing and bacterial drug resistance testing techniques should be used to select suitable therapeutic drugs for the use of drugs to reduce losses.
In short, the pigs should live in a healthy, comfortable and safe environment to ensure the economic and social benefits of the farm.
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