Crops can absorb nutrients through two routes: one is root absorption, and the other is leaf absorption. Foliar fertilization is also called root application (recovery) fertilizer, which means that the external root fertilization is to supplement the nutrient elements needed by plants through foliar spraying, and to regulate the growth of plants, supplement the missing elements, prevent premature aging and increase the yield. Taking root dressings outside can directly supply nutrients quickly. Avoid nutrient adsorption and fixation by the soil, improve fertilizer utilization; and less, suitable for the application of micro-fertilizer, a significant increase in production. Root fertilization is an important supplement to root suction. Foliar fertilization is an effective measure to supplement and regulate crop nutrition, especially under adverse conditions, the root absorption function is hindered, and foliar fertilizer can often exert special effects. The amount of micronutrients needed by crops is small, and if the trace elements in the soil are not seriously lacking, the application of foliar spray can meet the needs of crops. However, crops require large amounts of nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium, and foliar spraying can provide only a small amount of nutrients and cannot meet crop demand. Therefore, in order to meet the nutrients needed for crops, root fertilization should be the main method, and foliar fertilization can only be used as an auxiliary measure.
Foliar fertilizer technology
(a) Select the appropriate variety. In the initial stage of crop growth, in order to promote its growth and development, it is necessary to select the regulation of foliar fertilizer, if the crop lack of nutrients or root growth in the late growth period, the nutrient type foliar fertilizer should be used. Fertilizer varieties commonly used for foliar spraying on production include urea, potassium dihydrogen phosphate, calcium superphosphate, potassium sulfate and various trace element fertilizers.
(b) The spraying concentration should be appropriate. In a certain concentration range, the speed and amount of nutrient entering the leaves increase with the increase of the solution concentration, but the concentration is too high and it is easy to produce fertilizer damage, especially trace element fertilizers, generally large and medium-sized elements (NPK, Ca, Mg and S) The use of the concentration of 500 to 600 times, trace elements iron, manganese, zinc 500 to 1000 times, boron 3000 times, copper, molybdenum 6000 times.
(C) The spraying time should be appropriate. When the leaves are fertilized, the longer the moistening time, the more nutrients the leaves absorb and the better the effect. Under normal circumstances, it is appropriate to keep the leaf wet time at 30-60 minutes. Therefore, it is better to conduct fertilization in the windless weather in the evening. Spraying fertilizer in the morning with dew will reduce the concentration of the solution and affect the effect of fertilization. No foliar dressing can be done before rain or rain, because the nutrients are easily lost and cannot achieve the desired effect. If the rain falls 3 hours after spraying, it should be sprayed once when the weather is fine, but the concentration should be reduced properly.
(D) Spraying should be uniform, meticulous and thoughtful. Align the active area. Foliar fertilization requires small droplets and uniform spraying. In particular, attention should be paid to spraying the vigorous growth of the upper leaves and the back of the leaves. The fertilizer should be sprayed heavily on the young leaves of the plants, on the back of the functional leaves, because the metabolism of young leaves and functional leaves is very high. The pores on the back of the leaves are several times more than the above, and can absorb the nutrients in the solution quickly to increase the nutrient utilization. It is appropriate to spray only the leaves and not spray the leaves, but to spray only the old leaves and ignore the young leaves, which will only greatly reduce the fertilizer efficiency.
(5) The number of sprays should not be too small and there should be intervals. The concentration of top-dressing crops is generally low, and the amount of uptake per time is very small, which is much lower than the demand for crops. Therefore, the frequency of foliar application should generally not be less than 2 to 3 times. At the same time, the interval should be at least one week or more, and the number of sprayings should not be excessive to prevent damage.
(6) The foliar fertilizer must be properly mixed. When the foliage is topdressing, a reasonable mix of two or more types of foliar fertilizer can save spraying time and labor, and its yield increase effect will be more significant. However, after the fertilizers are mixed, they must have no adverse reactions or do not reduce the fertilizer efficiency, otherwise they cannot achieve the purpose of mixing. In addition, when the fertilizer is mixed, it is necessary to pay attention to the concentration and pH of the solution. Under normal circumstances, the pH of the solution is about 7 and neutral conditions are favorable for absorption in the leaves.
(g) Add humectants to the fertilizer solution. There is a layer of thick and thin cuticles on the leaves of the crop, and the solution is difficult to penetrate. For this reason, an appropriate amount of wetting agent such as neutral soap, good quality detergent, etc. can be added to the leaf fertilizer solution to reduce the solution. The surface tension increases the contact area with the blade and improves the effect of foliar dressing.
(8) Periods in which foliar fertilizers are needed: 1. When pests and diseases are encountered, the use of foliar fertilizers is beneficial to increase the disease resistance of the plants; 2. The soil is acidic, partially alkaline or has too high salinity, which is not conducive to the plants absorbing nutrients. 3, full fruit period; 4, after the plant suffered gas, heat or frost damage, choose the right time to use leaf fertilizer is conducive to relief of symptoms.
(9) It is best not to use foliar fertilizer: 1. Flowering period. Delicate flowers, susceptible to fertilizer damage; 2. Seedling period; 3. High temperature and strong light during the day
Foliar fertilizer technology
(a) Select the appropriate variety. In the initial stage of crop growth, in order to promote its growth and development, it is necessary to select the regulation of foliar fertilizer, if the crop lack of nutrients or root growth in the late growth period, the nutrient type foliar fertilizer should be used. Fertilizer varieties commonly used for foliar spraying on production include urea, potassium dihydrogen phosphate, calcium superphosphate, potassium sulfate and various trace element fertilizers.
(b) The spraying concentration should be appropriate. In a certain concentration range, the speed and amount of nutrient entering the leaves increase with the increase of the solution concentration, but the concentration is too high and it is easy to produce fertilizer damage, especially trace element fertilizers, generally large and medium-sized elements (NPK, Ca, Mg and S) The use of the concentration of 500 to 600 times, trace elements iron, manganese, zinc 500 to 1000 times, boron 3000 times, copper, molybdenum 6000 times.
(C) The spraying time should be appropriate. When the leaves are fertilized, the longer the moistening time, the more nutrients the leaves absorb and the better the effect. Under normal circumstances, it is appropriate to keep the leaf wet time at 30-60 minutes. Therefore, it is better to conduct fertilization in the windless weather in the evening. Spraying fertilizer in the morning with dew will reduce the concentration of the solution and affect the effect of fertilization. No foliar dressing can be done before rain or rain, because the nutrients are easily lost and cannot achieve the desired effect. If the rain falls 3 hours after spraying, it should be sprayed once when the weather is fine, but the concentration should be reduced properly.
(D) Spraying should be uniform, meticulous and thoughtful. Align the active area. Foliar fertilization requires small droplets and uniform spraying. In particular, attention should be paid to spraying the vigorous growth of the upper leaves and the back of the leaves. The fertilizer should be sprayed heavily on the young leaves of the plants, on the back of the functional leaves, because the metabolism of young leaves and functional leaves is very high. The pores on the back of the leaves are several times more than the above, and can absorb the nutrients in the solution quickly to increase the nutrient utilization. It is appropriate to spray only the leaves and not spray the leaves, but to spray only the old leaves and ignore the young leaves, which will only greatly reduce the fertilizer efficiency.
(5) The number of sprays should not be too small and there should be intervals. The concentration of top-dressing crops is generally low, and the amount of uptake per time is very small, which is much lower than the demand for crops. Therefore, the frequency of foliar application should generally not be less than 2 to 3 times. At the same time, the interval should be at least one week or more, and the number of sprayings should not be excessive to prevent damage.
(6) The foliar fertilizer must be properly mixed. When the foliage is topdressing, a reasonable mix of two or more types of foliar fertilizer can save spraying time and labor, and its yield increase effect will be more significant. However, after the fertilizers are mixed, they must have no adverse reactions or do not reduce the fertilizer efficiency, otherwise they cannot achieve the purpose of mixing. In addition, when the fertilizer is mixed, it is necessary to pay attention to the concentration and pH of the solution. Under normal circumstances, the pH of the solution is about 7 and neutral conditions are favorable for absorption in the leaves.
(g) Add humectants to the fertilizer solution. There is a layer of thick and thin cuticles on the leaves of the crop, and the solution is difficult to penetrate. For this reason, an appropriate amount of wetting agent such as neutral soap, good quality detergent, etc. can be added to the leaf fertilizer solution to reduce the solution. The surface tension increases the contact area with the blade and improves the effect of foliar dressing.
(8) Periods in which foliar fertilizers are needed: 1. When pests and diseases are encountered, the use of foliar fertilizers is beneficial to increase the disease resistance of the plants; 2. The soil is acidic, partially alkaline or has too high salinity, which is not conducive to the plants absorbing nutrients. 3, full fruit period; 4, after the plant suffered gas, heat or frost damage, choose the right time to use leaf fertilizer is conducive to relief of symptoms.
(9) It is best not to use foliar fertilizer: 1. Flowering period. Delicate flowers, susceptible to fertilizer damage; 2. Seedling period; 3. High temperature and strong light during the day
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