1. The performance and causes of hazelnut freeze injury
Frost damage of hazel is generally expressed as twigs of 1 to 2 years old. When it is slightly frost-damaged, only the pith is brown; when it is heavier, branches are dry. Perennial branches freeze damage, often show partial frostbite frostbite, frostbite part of the cortex brown, and then gradually dry. When the buds are frozen, the buds are cracked, the scales are open, the buds are dry, the male inflorescences are frozen, the anthers are dark brown, and the male inflorescences are not able to open normally.
Frost damage of hazelnut trees: The factors affecting hazel frost damage are complex. In terms of internal factors, frost damage is closely related to species, age, vigor, current maturity of shoots, and wintering exercise. From the aspect of external factors, it has great influence on geographical location, soil topography and weather factors of the year.
Hazelnuts vary greatly in their cold resistance because of different species and varieties. European hazel has poor cold resistance and can only tolerate -4 to -6 degrees of cold during the dormancy period, while hybrid hazelnuts can withstand -35 degrees of low temperature. European hazelnut scales are small and loose, and the buds are easily frozen. The hybrid hazelnuts have many bud scales, and the package is tight and the buds are not susceptible to freezing. The strong ripeness of the shoots and the accumulation of nutrients are more resistant to cold; on the contrary, the ripeness of the shoots is poor, not substantial, and the accumulation of nutrients is low, the cold resistance is weak, and it is prone to frost damage. The strong hazel tree has stronger cold resistance than the weak growth. Meteorological conditions are the direct cause of freezing damage. Continuous low temperature, soil drought and air drying will aggravate freezing injury. The branches on the sunny side are more severe than the branches on the dark side. Snow-covered hazelnut hazel trees are more conducive to wintering. High temperatures in winter can significantly reduce hazel frost damage.
2. Main measures to prevent freezing damage of hazelnut trees
(1) Selection of cold-resistant varieties This is the most fundamental and effective measure and an important approach to prevent freezing. For example, Liao No. 3 (84-226), Pingou 110 (82-11), Dawei (84-254), jade pendant (84-310), thin shell red (82-4) and other species, dormancy period Can withstand -35 degrees Celsius.
(2) According to local conditions, suitable cultivation such as European hazel is suitable for cultivation in the Yellow River-Yangtze River basin with a mean annual temperature of 13-16 degrees in the north latitude 32-36. Hybrid hazelnuts can be cultivated in the areas south of the annual mean temperature of 6.5 degrees to the Yellow River basin (46-32 degrees north latitude).
(3) Strengthen the comprehensive management technology of the annual cycle, and play an important role in improving its cold resistance, such as strengthening the supply of nitrogen and moisture in the spring, promoting the vigorous growth in the early period, making the branches robust and robust; controlling the nitrogen fertilizer and moisture in the later period, increasing the Phosphorus, potash fertilizer and summer pruning, prompting the new shoots to stop growing in time, make it fully mature, accumulate nutrients, receive exercise, go into hibernation promptly, and promote cold resistance, especially young trees are particularly important.
(4) Strengthen the wintering protection of the trees When the hazel tree is planted, the soil should be soiled at the base of the trunk every year before the soil is frozen. The degree is 20 to 30 cm. In addition, wind barriers, grass bales, and white paint have certain effects.
Liaoning Province fruit tree science research institute large fruit hazelnut seedlings
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