The use of chemical fertilizers in greenhouse vegetables is not properly applied, often resulting in reduced fertilizer efficiency, fertilizer damage, etc., and should be taken seriously.
1. Ammonium nitrogen fertilizer in the greenhouse should not be used. After the application of ammonium bicarbonate, a large amount of ammonia will be volatilized, which is unfavorable for the growth of vegetables; ammonium sulfate is a physiological acidic fertilizer, which will increase the acidity of the soil after application. Ammonium bicarbonate is a fast-acting fertilizer for winter greenhouse vegetable topdressing. Even at a soil temperature of 5°C, it can be transformed and absorbed by crops. However, it should be applied with deeper application. Generally, it is opened at 8-10 cm from the roots of vegetables. The ditch with a depth of centimeter, after the application of the earth, it can be used for tightness, which can increase the utilization rate by 10%-30%.
Second, diammonium phosphate alone is not desirable. Vegetables need a lot of nitrogen and potassium, and they need less phosphorus. For example, the ratio of NPK required by eggplant is 3:1:4, cucumber is 3:1:10, tomato is 6:1:12, and so on. Diammonium phosphate contains 18% nitrogen and 46% phosphorus. It does not contain potassium. Therefore, it is not suitable to use more diammonium phosphate in greenhouses. In addition, it should be noted that diammonium phosphate must not be mixed with alkaline fertilizers such as grass ash to avoid ammonia volatilization and ammonia damage.
Third, the poor application of scattered phosphorus. Phosphorus is easily absorbed and solidified by the soil and loses its effectiveness. Phosphate fertilizers are therefore suitable as basal fertilizers or concentrated in root-dense soils in the early stages of vegetables. Generally, 8 cm deep trenches are planted in transplant lines, and 4-5 cm of soil is covered with phosphate fertilizers. Planting vegetables in shallow trenches shortens the distance between phosphate fertilizers and crop roots to compensate for the weaknesses of phosphorus mobility. Mixed with organic fertilizers after the application of the best stacking.
Fourth, the large amount of potash in the late period is low and effective. Vegetables generally require more potassium before and after flowering, and gradually decrease later. The large-scale application of potash fertilizer in the later period will result in a significant decrease in the utilization rate of potassium and waste of fertilizer.
Fifth, iron fertilizer into the soil is poor. Iron is easily converted into insoluble compounds by soil fixation and cannot be used by crops to lose its fertility. Therefore, fertilizing iron fertilizers in greenhouses is best to use foliar spray. Can be used 0.1% -0.3% of ferrous sulfate solution evenly sprayed on the leaves of vegetables. By the same token, it is also a misunderstanding to directly apply rare earth micro-fertilizer to the soil in winter. The best application method is to apply 0.05% to 0.07% of rare earth micro-fertilizer solution on the foliage, and spray fertilizer solution 50-75 per mu. kg.
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