First, select suitable herbicide varieties for crop field weed species. Any herbicide has a certain herbicidal spectrum, anti-broadleaf, anti-narrow (grass, sedge), some narrow-leaf, broad-leaved grass, but a herbicide Even if it is better, it is impossible to effectively control all the weeds in the field. Therefore, before using the herbicide, it is necessary to find out what weeds in the field. It is necessary to distinguish which are the main weeds and which are the secondary weeds.
The main weeds and the principle of secondary weed control to select herbicides. Such as the use of weeds, Pu Shite control soybean field annual broadleaf weeds, medlar, medlar, Xanthium, camphor, ramie, Solanum nigrum and other effects are very good, but the field of chicory, thorns and other perennial broadleaf Weeds are also used for a long time. It is not good to use weeds and Pu Shite to control broad-leaved weeds. We should choose broad-leaf weeds, such as broad-grass clear, ploughed rice, chlorhexidine, and golden knives. Live in the field of the borscht, thorns. Therefore, before using herbicides, you must investigate the types of weeds in the field, use them in a targeted manner, and don't look at what medicines are used by others.
Second, the soil characteristics determine the amount and efficacy of the soil treatment herbicide. Soil characteristics mainly refer to soil texture, organic matter content, soil moisture and land preparation quality. For soils with high viscous soil and high organic matter content, the colloid (the colloidal particles are organic and inorganic fine particles contained in the soil) has strong adsorption capacity, and the herbicide is adsorbed more, and should use the high amount within the recommended dosage range as appropriate. The herbicidal effect is guaranteed; while the soil with low sandy soil and organic matter content has weak adsorption capacity and is easy to be leached, the low amount of the recommended dose should be used as appropriate to avoid phytotoxicity.
The soil moisture is good for the herbicide adsorbed by the soil colloid to be desorbed and released into the soil solution and absorbed by the weeds; the soil moisture is not good, and the herbicide firmly adsorbed by the soil colloid cannot be released into the soil solution and absorbed by the weeds. The weeding effect is poor. Therefore, if the soil is not well-received and there is no irrigation condition, do not force the soil to stop the grass, but instead change to the post-emergence stem and leaf treatment.
When the soil is closed, the quality of the soil preparation must be good. It is necessary to level the fine and not to have large soil. Therefore, after spraying, a film of medicine can be formed on the surface of the soil, and the weeds will die after contacting the film after being unearthed. If the quality of the soil preparation is not good, it will affect the formation of the film, thus affecting the herbicidal effect.
Third, the correct choice of spraying period. When chemical weeding, it is suitable for soil treatment when it is suitable for soil treatment. When it is not suitable for soil treatment, it is treated after stem and leaf treatment. Medication must be seized in time for timely action. Most of the herbicides used in soil treatment are effective for weed shoots. Some weeds have been unearthed after application, and the weeding effect will not be very good. Generally speaking, the medicine must be applied within 3 to 5 days after sowing. When the soil is dry, the herbicide is easily adsorbed by the soil particles. It needs to be irrigated with water and rain to make the herbicide leaching into 0--5cm soil, or use mechanical mixed soil to reach 2-5cm soil. Pharmacodynamics. The application of herbicides in post-emergence stems and leaves should be appropriate later, but it should not be too late. Generally speaking, in the 2--3 leaf stage of soybean seedlings, the weeds are applied at the 2--4 leaf stage, and the weeds are prematurely applied. If it is not uniform, it will need to be re-applied or other herbicide-preventing measures (except for pesticides such as Pustel and Isooxalin which can be used for soil treatment and stem and leaf treatment); The weeds are large, the resistance is strong, the efficacy is obviously reduced, and some herbicides are applied too late, the dose should be appropriately increased, which is not safe for crops.
In addition, sometimes in order to grab the farm, it is often encountered to catch rain when spraying. Especially in large-scale production, different herbicides have different physical and chemical properties and processing dosage forms, and the interval between spraying and rainfall is required. There are differences. Before spraying, pay close attention to the local weather forecast and strive to spray the medicine one day before the rain. Such weeds can fully absorb the medicament, and can accelerate the conduction of the medicament in the weeds after absorbing the medicament, and the weeds grow fast after the rain, and the resistance is also poor, and the herbicidal effect is good. Under normal circumstances, 0.5 hours after the spraying of Ke Kuang Le, the rain does not affect the efficacy, and the fine grasses, fine and sturdy, take the net, collect the music, gold beans, Pu Shite spray 1 hour after the rain does not Affecting the efficacy of the drug, Huwei, Bendasong (Diancao Dan), Baocheng sprayed the rain for 4 hours did not affect the efficacy, and the rain did not affect the efficacy after 6 hours of dry grass weeds.
4. Considering the appropriate herbicides for the crops before and after, to avoid the damage of the long residual herbicide to the crops. In recent years, the phenomenon of post-sucking sensitive crops has been caused by neglecting the residual toxicity of herbicide soils, involving rice, vegetables, melons and other crops. At present, the long-residue herbicides used in soybean fields mainly include Puschte, chlorsulfuron-methyl, chlorhexidine, and broad-leaf clear. In use, special attention should be paid to their residual dynamics in soil and the safety of different crops. problem.
Planting corn should be selected from the previous year without chlorsulfuron. Planting rice (including seedbed soil) should choose the land that has not used imazeth and chlorsulfuron in the previous year. For the cultivation of wheat, the land with an active ingredient of not more than 50g per mu of oxazinone should be selected. For the cultivation of sugar beets, chlorsulfuron-methyl and imazethapyr have not been used for the first 4 years. In the past 2 years, oxasulfuron-methyl and imazethapyr have not been used. In the past year, the high-osmotic sulfamethoxazole was not used. Planting vegetables (tomato, eggplant, pepper, cabbage, radish) should be used in the first three years without using chlorsulfuron-methyl or imazeth. Planting potatoes should be used for 3 years without using imazeth and chlorsulfuron. Planting pumpkin, watermelon, zucchini, and cucumber should be done in the first three years without using chlorsulfuron and imazeth.
In addition, the use of long-retaining herbicides should be considered relatively. Some herbicides have good control effects and can be avoided by changing the application method. For example, Pu Shite is a long-term residual herbicide. We only use it for stem and leaf treatment, and when the stem and leaf treatment is used, it can be mixed with other herbicides with a similar herbicidal spectrum. It can also be added by adding a spray aid. In order to reduce the amount of the original drug or to use the method of applying the stem and leaf seedlings to minimize the entry of the herbicide into the soil, there is no long-lasting problem.
5. The scientific mixing of herbicides and the amount of liquid spray. In order to expand the herbicide spectrum, herbicides should be mixed frequently. The problem that should be paid attention to when mixing is mainly that several herbicides should not have antagonism. If there is antagonism and reduce the drug effect, it is best not to mix them together, such as 25% gold trowel water for the control of comfrey, chicory, and ask. Jing, thorns and other effects are good, but can not be mixed with sulfonylurea herbicides (chlorsulfuron-methyl, Baocheng, Baoshou, etc.); if there is a significant synergistic effect, the dosage should be appropriately reduced as appropriate; If there is neither antagonism nor synergism in the mixed use, the agents with different herbicidal spectrums should be administered according to the normal dosage, and the herbicides with the same herbicidal spectrum can be halved as appropriate.
The main problem in the current production volume is that the amount of liquid spray should be increased under drought conditions. The amount of liquid spray is increased from the traditional 150-200L/ha to 300-400L/ha. In fact, the amount of liquid sprayed. Not the bigger the better, the application of 200L/ha before the seedlings is appropriate, such as spraying 1000L per hectare, which is only equivalent to 0.1mm of rainfall, which is neither economical nor helpful for the effect of the drug; It should not be too large, because the amount of liquid spray is large, the droplets will be easy to be large, and the large liquid droplets will easily fall off the weed leaves and lose the effect. The amount of liquid spray is about 100-130L/ha. When the spraying is severe, the soil relative humidity is lower than 65%, the post-emergence stem and leaf application should be added to the spray volume, 0.5%--1.0% of the vegetable oil-type spray additive medicine Xiaobao or Xindebao, not only It can reduce the dosage by 30% and obtain stable drug effect.
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