First, base selection principle Choose high-lying land, flat land, good drainage, deep and fertile soil, and good, high-yielding land. 2. The grass-roots organizations are united, the masses have a strong sense of science and technology, and there is an urgent need for the development of mechanized villages. 3. Suitable for mechanized operation, convenient transportation. Should not choose tight, heavy saline-alkali, too wet and high groundwater level, poor drainage of soil, soil salt content of less than 0.3%. Second, preparation before broadcast Site preparation consists of cleaning the ground (weeds, stubbles), pines, and evenly mixing and flattening the ground. The lyrical condition is suitable for about 20%. The soil moisture is not good and should be poured once and then soil preparation. At the same time, it is necessary to apply basic fertilizer at a deeper rate, and apply 45 m3 of mature organic fertilizer, 1500 kg of superphosphate or 300 kg of three-component phosphorus fertilizer per hectare. In the year of planting, it is not appropriate to apply more potassium fertilizer, which can be used in combination with soil preparation as the base fertilizer. The amount of fertilizer applied is 225 kg/hm2. When weeding in a lot of weeds, we first use weeds such as grass straw and glyphosate to eliminate weeds, then plow till deep, and then we spray trifluralin on the ground to treat weeds. Deep, sowing after 7 days. The main procedures for soil preparation are: replanting maggots, fertilizing → deep ploughing → light hoeing on the flat ground → repression (the sowing machine can suppress the seedlings at the planting time to reduce the operation). 2. Seed varieties selection and treatment selection Drought-resistant high-yield varieties such as the United States Yu Wang, etc., seed sowing seeds should be regularly cleaned, remove impurities, the content of grass roots should not exceed 2%, 95% or more, germination rate of 90%. Rhizobium should be inoculated with rhizobia before sowing, and in particular, the land that has not been planted must be inoculated, and the seed dressing method can be seeded with rhizobia. Third, sowing 1. The selection of sowing time can be planted in spring, summer and autumn. The spring drought in Beijing is suitable for sowing in late summer and early autumn. At this time, sowing seedlings will be good, the cost will be low, and the autumn season should be early. If there are irrigation conditions, the ground temperature can be planted when the spring temperature stabilizes above 5°C, but weed control is required. When seedlings are sown in summer, weeds and pests should be carefully controlled. 2. Seeding method In order to facilitate weeding, fertilizing, and irrigation, drills are generally used, and 2BJF-9 precision seeders or modified grain seeders are used. When sowing, 30 kg per hectare can be used as a seed fertilizer. (l) Row spacing: Forage production is 30 cm, and production seeds are 45-60 cm. (2) Sowing amount: The production of hay is 15kg/hm2, and the production seed is about 7.5kg/hm2. (3) Depth of sowing: 0.5-2cm, clay land should be slightly shallow, sandy soil can be slightly deep. (4) Repression should be promptly conducted after sowing. Fourth, field management The weeds are used to control weeds in the growing season. The first year seedlings grow slowly and are vulnerable to weeds. Special attention should be paid to weeding during this period. 2. Irrigation and drainage When the weather is dry, timely watering is needed. Irrigation is beneficial to the growth of earthworms. It can increase the number of harvests, increase the annual yield per unit area, and improve the quality of forage grass. Watering is usually required during and after each harvest. However, too much water or too much sediment in the seedling stage will adversely affect the seedlings, and flooding will not be tolerated. The accumulated water in the soil must be drained in time. 3. Pest control pests include downy mildew, spot disease, maculopathy, powdery mildew, black stem disease, rust, mosaic disease, and root nodule disease. Insect pests include locusts, ants, cockroaches, and parasitic dodder. General use of pesticides to prevent and control pests in advance harvest, but the basic control or choice of pest-resistant species. V. Harvesting In order to increase the amount of forage grass, quality and durability of pasture, the first harvest is generally selected at the flowering stage (with 10% flowering). If the harvested hay is fed to cows and young livestock, Harvesting at the budding stage is appropriate. Harvested once every five weeks. After the last harvest before the winter, there should be a 20-30 day growth period to allow the roots to accumulate a certain amount of carbohydrates, which is conducive to overwintering and returning green in the second year. After the harvest, we must avoid the rain. Harvesting can use a disc rotating lawn mower, leaving a height of about 6cm. VI Silage In order to solve the contradiction between the seasonality of forage supply and the continuous stability of the demand for livestock rations, the methods of processing hay and silage can be selected. In the harvest season with rainfall and high temperature, the feed is vulnerable to rain and the loss rate is high. Therefore, it is recommended to adopt a stretch film wrapped silage technique: harvesting → air drying → picking up and packing → handling → parcels (bagging). 1. The timing of harvesting was selected from the bud to the beginning of flowering. The cutting machine was best used for harvesting, and the height was about 6 cm. 2. After drying and harvesting, dry and lay on the field for drying and drying for 1-2 days. Observe that the leaf is rolled into a simple shape, the petiole is easily broken, and when the stem is squeezed to squeeze out moisture, picking and binding operations are performed. 3. Picking up the bale When the bale has been air-dried to the required moisture content, use a lawn mower to build the bale with a width equal to the baler picker. Then use a baler to pick up the bale. Pick up the bales so that they are solid, dense, and of a neat shape. The bale must be evenly surfaced to avoid voids. 4. Stretch film wrappers use a wrapper to wrap the bales that are hit on the day. During the entire operation above, sand mixed into the bale should be prevented. The main working machinery includes: precision seeder, single disc mower, round baler, wrapping machine, straw crusher. Double disc mower, transporter and so on.
1. An effective energy consumption saving of 75%
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3. Maintaining oxygen levels in water
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