From April 8th to April 15th, 2004, we grouped the artificial breeding of the new whitebait (hereinafter referred to as "silverfish") in the waters of Nanhu Lake, Lu'an City, Anhui Province. We collected 1,275 mature broodstock (phase V) and 16 batches of broodstock, collecting eggs. There were 1.263 million grains, an average of 991 eggs per tail, and 3,000 pots were observed. Different artificial insemination methods and different combinations of male and female fish on the fertilization rate of whitebait were studied. 50,000 nets were placed and the remaining 1.21 million Put Chengdong Lake.
(a) Materials and Methods
1. Collection and catching of broodstock: The collection time is from April 8 to April 15, 2004. The average water temperature is 14.6°C. Each morning and evening are collected once each time. Each operation time is 1.5 to 3 hours. The vessel is trawling and fishing. The trawl is a wingless single-capsule middle and upper trawl. The net mouth is 3 meters wide, 2 meters high and 10 meters in total length. When operating, use a tripod to open the network mouth, 12 horsepower towing, and the speed of the ship. Hours 2 kilometers, collected once every 15 minutes.
2. Selection and maturation of broodstock: Mature females have shorter fins in the middle of the anal fins than males, no hip scales, transparent eggs in the abdomen, full abdomen, obvious ovary outlines, and light pressure on the abdomen. Outflow; males have large anal fins and long fins in the anal fins, with 4 to 6 roots. They are particularly thick and long and wavy. The entire anal fin is fan-shaped. Each side of the base has a neat array of scales. The front scales are large. After the scales are small, select individual males to be more than 5 cm. Nine female fish were randomly selected for gonad maturation, as shown in Table 1.
3. Matching group and insemination: The whitebait has the characteristic of leaving water and dies. The brood can not be transported in long distances. The mature broodstock caught, the selected live fish and the fish that died shortly are subjected to matching test. The ratio of male to female is 1:3, 1:2. 1:1 matching group, dry and semi-dry artificial insemination.
(1) Dry artificial insemination. The male and female fish were divided into groups of 1:3. The brooders were wiped dry with a dry towel, the fish eggs were squeezed into the watch glass that had been wiped dry, and the male fish was squeezed into the anal fins, and the sperm and eggs were mixed with the tail of the male fish. 1 After 2 minutes, add fresh water and let stand for a few seconds. Wash the excess semen with water, remove the impurities, and incubate in a large cup. This method is used for 1:3, 1:2, and 1:1 dispensing of male and female fish at the same time. In the group trial, the fertility control conditions are shown in Table 2.
(2) Semi-dry artificial insemination. The male and female fish were divided into groups of 1:3, and the dried males of the dried fish were singled out, placed in a normal saline solution with a watch glass, crushed with forceps, and then the dried female eggs were squeezed into the watch glass. After 1 to 2 minutes, rinse with water and incubate after removing impurities.
(3) Incubation method. The fertilized eggs were placed in a 40 cm 30 cm anatomical dish and spread well. Each dish was laid with 50,000 eggs. During the incubation period, the water was changed twice a day. Every time 1/2, the eggs could not be floated when the water was changed. In 1 to 2 hours, stir 1 time to increase the dissolved oxygen in the water, and continue to use a straw to absorb the white, opaque or moldy dead eggs. After the embryos developed to mid-primary midgut, each group of eggs was poured into a 1 000 ml graduated cylinder and shaken. After random sampling, the fertilization rate was counted.
(II) Results The results of the fertilization rate of the groups after 22 hours of artificial insemination are shown in Table 3.
A total of 1.263 million fertilized eggs were obtained. The bags were transported in plastic bags, oxygenated, and packed in cartons. Each bag had 100,000 fertilized eggs and the fort was about 2 hours. 6 lakes in Chengdong Lake (Longquan Bay, Liqiaowan, West Great Desolation, Chenta Temple, Guanzhuang, and Sanliu Weichai Farm) were placed at the place of deployment. All the sites were water depths of 1 to 2 meters, sheltered from the wind, and the sandy bottom. Sparse plants may be sparsely immersed in the lake. When the water temperature in the bag is substantially the same as the water temperature in the lake, the fertilized eggs are slowly and evenly poured into the water.
(III) Analysis and Discussion
1. The fertilization rate of semi-dry artificial insemination is significantly higher than that of dry artificial insemination. The mature individuals of the whitebait are smaller and have smaller testes. In the dry artificial insemination, manual extrusion can not squeeze out all the semen by hand, which reduces the amount of semen and makes it difficult to mix the eggs and sperm so that some of the eggs cannot come into contact with the sperm. Loss of insemination opportunities, on the other hand, after the sperm enters the body of water, the body's osmotic pressure is higher than the osmotic pressure of the body of water, it requires a lot of energy to regulate the osmotic pressure, so the sperm life in the water is short, only 20 to 30 seconds After 30 seconds, the majority of fertilized fertilisers lose their ability to inseminate. After an egg enters the water, its effective fertilization time is also shortened significantly. In physiological saline (isotonic fluid), fertilization is still possible for more than 10 minutes. Semi-dry artificial insemination is the placement of sperm. In the isotonic fluid, all of its energy is used for exercise to extend the life and activity time, increase the chance of sperm and egg contact, and greatly improve the fertilization rate.
2. The maturity of whitebait directly affects the fertilization rate. Strictly identifying broodstock maturity is an important measure to increase fertilization rate. The maturation rate is not high and the fertilized egg is very low. Even if a few can fertilize, it will soon die in the embryonic development process. The broodstock with poor maturity cannot be squeezed, otherwise the fertilization rate will be affected, and the egg must be controlled from the time of operation. Excluding the vent hole, the eggs extruded from the belly are not easy to be fertilized. When the water temperature reaches 10 °C, the proportion of mature broods can reach 40%, and artificial insemination can be performed. The unproductive individuals captured after the peak period are often more developed. Poor, this type of broodstock ovary difficult from IV to V over, at this time the artificial fertilization is reduced fertilization rate, practice has proved that water temperature 14 ~ 18 °C is most suitable for artificial insemination.
3. From the comparison of fertilization rates of different male and female fish groups in Table 2, the fertilization rates in the 1:3, 1:2, and 1:1 groups differed by 2.9 and 1.5 percentage points, respectively, and the difference between the 1:3 and 1:1 groups was only 4.4. Percentage points, therefore, a large number of fertilized eggs are produced within a short peak of spawning period and with limited silverfish resources. In the case where the fertility rate is not much different, it is economical to use 1:1 matching group to obtain more fertilized eggs. This can shorten the time the sperm stays in the air to improve their ability to inseminate, which is very beneficial to the development of the embryo, and can reduce labor intensity and make more rational use of the resources of the whitebait.
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