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Semen Euryales
(English) Gordon Euryale Seed
Also known as Chicken Head Rice, Chicken Head Lotus, and Thorn Lotus.
The source of this herb is the seed of *Eryale ferox* Salisb., a unique aquatic plant commonly found in wetlands and freshwater environments.
This plant is an annual aquatic herb with spiny characteristics. Its underground stem is thick and short, while its leaves change throughout the growing season. Initially, the leaves are submerged, small, and arrow-shaped. As the plant matures, the leaves float on the water surface, appearing round or shield-shaped, with a diameter that can reach up to 130 cm. The upper surface is wrinkled, while the lower surface has a purplish color. Both the petioles and veins are covered with fine, stinging hairs.
The flowers grow singly at the top of the stems, rising above the water. They have four barbed sepals, numerous purple-red petals, and many stamens. The ovary is partially inferior and divided into eight chambers, with a disc-shaped stigma.
The fruit is shaped like a chicken’s head, spongy, dark purple, and covered with dense spikes. The seeds are spherical, about 1 cm in diameter, and black in color. Flowering occurs from June to September, and the fruits mature from July to October.
Semen Euryales is cultivated or found wild in lakes, ponds, and marshes across various regions. It is mainly produced in provinces such as Jiangsu, Shandong, Hunan, Hubei, and Anhui in China.
The seeds are harvested when the fruit is fully ripe, typically during late autumn and winter. After removing the outer peel, the seeds are extracted, washed, and dried after the hard shell is removed.
The raw seeds are spherical, measuring 5–8 mm in diameter. Their surface has a brown-red inner seed coat, with a yellow-white end and a pitted umbilical mark. The inner seed coat is white, and the seeds are hard, with a powdery, white cross-section.
Chemical analysis shows that Semen Euryales contains starch, protein, fat, carotene, and vitamins B1, B2, and C. It has a slightly sweet and astringent taste, and its nature is neutral.
According to traditional Chinese medicine, Semen Euryales is used to strengthen the kidneys, solidify essence, improve spleen function, and stop diarrhea caused by dampness. It is also effective for treating nocturnal emissions, frequent urination, bedwetting, chronic leukorrhea, and other conditions related to spleen deficiency and excessive dampness.
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