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Semen Euryales, also known as Gordon Euryale Seed, is commonly referred to by several names such as chicken head rice, chicken head lotus, and thorn lotus. It comes from the seeds of *Eryale ferox* Salisb., a unique aquatic plant that thrives in freshwater environments.
This plant is an annual aquatic herb with spiny characteristics. Its underground stem is thick and short, while its leaves change over time. Initially, the leaves are submerged, but as the plant matures, they float on the surface. The leaves are round or shield-shaped, reaching up to 130 cm in diameter. The upper surface is wrinkled, and the lower part has a purple hue. Both the petioles and veins are stinging, which is a distinctive feature of this plant.
The flowers appear singly at the top of the pedicels, rising above the water. They have four barbed sepals, numerous purple-red petals, and many stamens. The ovary is subpositioned and contains eight chambers, with a disc-shaped stigma. The fruit resembles a chicken's head, is spongy, dark purple, and covered in spikes. The seeds are spherical, about 1 cm in diameter, and black in color. The flowering period occurs between June and September, with fruits maturing from July to October.
Semen Euryales is cultivated or found naturally in lakes and ponds across various regions. It is mainly produced in provinces like Jiangsu, Shandong, Hunan, Hubei, and Anhui in China.
Harvesting typically takes place at the end of autumn and winter when the fruits are fully ripe. After removing the outer peel, the seeds are extracted, washed, and then dried after the hard shell is removed.
The mature seeds are spherical, measuring 5–8 mm in diameter. Their surface features a brown-red inner seed coat, with a yellow-white spot at one end and a pitted umbilical mark. The inner seed coat is white, and the seeds are hard, with a white, powdery cross-section.
Chemically, Semen Euryales contains starch, protein, fat, carotene, and vitamins B1, B2, and C. It has a flat, sweet, and slightly astringent nature.
In traditional medicine, it is used to strengthen the kidneys, solidify essence, improve spleen function, and treat conditions such as diarrhea, dampness, nocturnal emissions, frequent urination, chronic leukorrhea, and vaginal discharge. It is also believed to help reduce excessive dreaming and improve urinary control.
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