How to ensure the quality of hybrid seeds

The quality of hybrid seeds directly influences whether seeds can be used normally in agricultural production and whether they can produce good economic benefits to farmers and seed production units. Therefore, in the hybrid seed production process, the quality of the hybrid seed is guaranteed to be extremely important. After conducting the first-line sales surveys and field-production trials, based on the current status, it is proposed that the following 10 precautions should be implemented in hybrid seed production. 1 Safe isolation measures should be adopted. The plots in the seed production area should be suitable for the contiguous planting of crops with flat terrain, fertile land, convenient drainage and irrigation, no species of this species within one or two years, or other species closely related to the hybrids. Field blocks. The safe isolation conditions in the seed production area vary from 500 to 2000 m depending on the crop, or they are supplemented by plant isolation with unrelated crops. 2 Parents who choose good and homozygous parental parents for hybrid seed production must use parents with high purity, good cleanliness and high germination rate, and should be suitable for the ecological climate conditions of the breeding area. In addition, we should also pay attention to the differences between the father and mother during the growth period and whether the flowering period meets. It must be ensured that the purity of the father and mother seeds should not be less than 96%. 3 Reasonably arrange the sowing date and determine the appropriate line ratio. Determine whether the father and mother should be sowed in stages according to the differences in parental and maternal flowering periods and the differences in the growth period. Farming generally requires the father to spend 1 to 2 days earlier than the female parent. If the maternal flowering period is earlier than the father, it is necessary to arrange the sowing. Parents and mothers' ratios are generally 1:2, 1:3, or 2:6 based on the recovery rate of the male parents. 4 Handle seedlings during field management at the seedling stage to dispose of self-producing seedlings in the seed production area and isolation area and other crops that are related to the production of crop fields and various weeds. The method is to remove mixed and variant strains based on the typical characteristics of the parent and maternal. If the father and mother are transplanted at the same time, the seedlings should be placed evenly along the side of the ditch. Usually, the parent should be placed first and the parent should be placed afterwards to avoid confusion between the father and the mother. For the similar flowering period, the parent and the mother at the same time live broadcast of the field, to conduct a seedling inspection, emergence or lack of seedlings should be timely replanting to ensure that there is sufficient paternal pollen to provide parental pollination. 5 Adjust the flowering period and do a good job of artificial pollination to cultivate strong male parents to increase the amount of pollen, and take inter-plant squatting measures to extend the flowering period. (In the convulsive period, remove the main stem from the convulsions and apply the available nitrogen fertilizer.) The application of urea is 2 to 3 kg per 667 square meters. If the heights of the father and the mother are inconsistent, they can be adjusted by strengthening the management of fertilizers and water or applying gibberellin reasonably. Artificially assisted pollination can increase pollination rate of paternal pollen and increase purity. During flowering, every day from 10 am to 2 pm, use a rope or bamboo pole to pull back and forth in the field, or use a blower to assist in pollination, or use a bee to assist in pollination. 6 Strictly removing the bad flowering season at the flowering stage is the most critical period for controlling seed quality. After the father and mother spent their early days, they organized professional and technical personnel to perform field work in a timely manner. It is usually done when the flowers bloom in the early morning but they have not been powdered yet. The method is based on the characteristics of buds to remove the full line of buds (normal flower lines) and weak and sick strains in the mother line, and remove the mutant lines in the parent line. 7 When the father's father is finally removed, he should promptly remove the father and remove the removed father in time. In addition, the removal of the father can also improve the microclimate in the field, make it light and air, increase the supply of nutrients to the mother, and improve the grain plumpness and the quality of hybrid seeds. 8 The quality of the good harvest time when the whole field 75% to 85% of the plants can be harvested when the yellow, on-site need to spread the sun, a single take off. After threshing, the seed is directly transported from the threshing plant by the seed production company, and the scale is weighed (deducted moisture), then spread to the sun, bagged and stored separately. 9 Identification of Seed Purity The seed production company samples the collected seeds for purity identification, which can be divided into indoor and field identification. Indoor identification refers to the use of esterase isoenzyme patterns to identify seed purity. Field identification is the use of differences in the climate between the South and North of the country to carry out off-site cultivation and identification. A certain number (≥300) of plants were planted and the seedlings were drilled and field-observed to determine seed purity. 10 Select seed processing and standard packaging Select and package the seeds for purity inspection. Seeds undergo strict processing and screening to ensure the moisture and cleanness quality standards of the seeds. The packaging should be standardized, the logo should be correct and conspicuous, the label inside and outside the bag must have a label, and simple cultivation instructions should be attached.

Polymer material is a multi-phase composite system with polymer as the main body, that is, few products are made of pure polymer, and most of them are used together with Polymer Additives. The purpose of adding polymer Additives is: 1. to meet the performance requirements; 2. to meet the molding requirements; 3. to meet the economic requirements. Polymer additives include plasticizers (DBP, DOP), phosphate esters (TCP trimethylphenyl phosphate), aliphatic dicarboxylic acids, lubricants, heat stabilizers, processing aids, reinforcing agents, toughening agents, curing agents, antioxidants, light stabilizers, fillers, solvents, foaming agents, and resistances. Propellant, coupling agent and antistatic agent.

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