Under normal circumstances, the nitrite content in milk will not exceed the standard. The standard for nitrite in milk is ?0.2 mg/kg.
The main reasons for the excessive nitrite in milk are as follows:
I. Water pollution
1. Groundwater pollution
First, the degree of salinization of the soil is more serious; the second is a variety of agricultural and non-agricultural activities, such as the application of fertilizers, animal excreta, decomposition of nitrogenous substances in crop residues, etc.; third, septic tanks, municipal waste, minerals Such infiltration caused excessive groundwater nitrite content. Once the nitrate content exceeds the utilization capacity of the plant, it can accumulate in the underlying soil or infiltrate into the groundwater. Under the action of certain microorganisms in the environment, nitrites are generated, causing excessive nitrite content.
2, dairy farm drinking water pollution
Dairy management is poor. One is foreign matter in the reservoir; the other is that the drinking trough is dirty and the cleaning is not timely and thorough, resulting in contamination of drinking water, resulting in excessive levels of nitrate and nitrite in milk. In addition, the health of dairy farms is not up to standard, and cows drink the rainwater or sewage in the cattle farms.
Therefore, it is necessary to ensure that the water quality is not contaminated and that cows are regularly cleaned regularly to ensure the quality of drinking water.
Second, feed pollution
Nitrite is widely found in chemical fertilizers and soils. Dairy cows have a wide range of feeds and forages, and many varieties. In particular, large amounts of silage corn feed are used. Silage can easily cause excessive levels of nitrate and nitrite in incomplete or special environments. After the cow digests and absorbs part of it through milk to milk. Therefore, on the one hand, to strengthen dairy cattle feed inspection; on the other hand, vigorously promote green forage; Third, in strict accordance with scientific silage methods, do a good job corn silage silage; Fourth, reduce the use of various types of nitrite additives, In order to ensure forage and feed quality,
Third, the impact of stress
Dairy cows are prone to cause rumen microbiological disturbances under stress, resulting in decreased microbial degradation and utilization. Nitrite is an intermediate product of the reduction of nitrate from ammonia into the rumen of dairy cows. In the case of microbial disorders, it can easily cause excessive levels in milk. Therefore, we must reduce the cow's stress, regularly add multi-dimensional anti-stress drugs, strengthen the function of the rumen micro-organisms, maintain the stability of micro-organisms, to ensure the health of dairy cows.
Fourth, environmental pollution
When cows are fed in the house, the excrement in the barn is not cleaned in time, and the concentration density of the cows is large. This results in a serious over-concentration of ammonia in the house. After inhalation, the milk is converted into nitrite by the action of rumen microbes, which can easily cause nitric acid in the milk. Salt, nitrite content exceeded. Therefore, according to the number of cows to determine the size of the cowshed, increase environmental clean-up efforts, strengthen ventilation, timely removal of feces, to avoid the adverse effects of the environment on dairy cows.
Fifth, milking parlor pollution
When cleaning the milking pipeline and the milk storage tank, raw water residue or cleaning is not in place, resulting in the mixing of nitrate nitrite in the raw water into the milk. In addition, as milking is not performed according to the regulations, the cow’s breasts are dirty and there is faeces. When the milk is milked, the milk liner is dropped into the cow dung. The milk storage room is not completely isolated from the milking platform, resulting in cow dung, ammonia, etc. on the milking platform. Easily mixed in milk, resulting in serious over-standard nitrates and nitrites in milk. Therefore, we must strengthen the management of the milking parlor and strictly implement the operating procedures and procedures of the milking parlor.
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