The fruit tree is applied in the autumn, which increases the storage nutrients of the tree, promotes the robustness of the tree and the flowering of the tree, the fruit setting, the formation of young fruit cells, the growth of new shoots, the early formation of leaf area, shortening the period of nutrient conversion, and sufficient storage of physiological differentiation of flower buds. Nutrition is the most important and most important fertilization. Don't be careless and take it lightly. The fruit farmers imaged the autumn fertilization as "moon child fat", just like a woman pregnant in October, once gave birth, heart and soul, and the nutrition is exhausted, it is necessary to supplement the nutrition in time to ensure the health of the mother and child.
After the fruit trees are enlarged, the nutrient consumption of the trees is empty after harvesting. Especially late-ripening apples, if the base fertilizer is not applied in time after harvesting, the tree storage nutrition is seriously deficient, not only will winter and spring cause rot disease to multiply, but also the next year's flowering, fruit setting and young fruit cell formation. Seriously affected, the inflorescence will not be strong, the fruit set rate is low, the young fruit is small, the new shoots are small and the leaves are small, and the nutrient conversion period is prolonged.
Base fertilizer is the most basic and important fertilization of orchard, which is related to the supply of various nutrients in the annual cycle of fruit trees. Autumn Shiji fertilizer should pay attention to time, rationality and scientificity. The fertilization time is generally from September to October. The demand for nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium nutrients in apples is proportional. At the same time, organic fertilizer should be added to supplement the appropriate medium and trace elements. The fertilization method is ditch application or acupoint application; On the inside of the outer edge of the canopy; the depth of fertilization, generally distributed in the roots of 20-40 cm. The root application requires a shallow projection of the canopy under the projection of the canopy. The general groove is 150-200 cm long, 40 cm wide and 40 cm deep. In autumn, fertilization can increase the fruit set rate by 8-10% and increase the yield by 10-15%. The effect of increasing yield and quality is very obvious.
There are other benefits to fertilizing in the fall.
First of all, the nutrients consumed by the fruit trees from the early spring germination to the flowering and fruit setting are mainly the nutrients stored in the tree in the previous year. The period from the harvest of the fruit to the time before the defoliation is the best time to accumulate nutrients. The autumn base fertilizer can increase the nutrient reserve of the tree.
Secondly, autumn is the last growth peak of the root system in one year. Its life activity is strong, its ability to absorb nutrients is strong, and it is beneficial to delay leaf senescence, enhance the photosynthesis ability of autumn leaves, and increase the nutrient storage of trees.
In addition, the soil temperature in autumn is higher, and the sensation is better, which is beneficial to soil microbial activities. The organic fertilizer applied is fast and easy to be absorbed and utilized by the roots. Studies have shown that fertilization in autumn can increase the effects of nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium, calcium and magnesium by 1, 5, 3, 2 and 2 times, respectively.
Finally, fertilization in autumn can improve the root growth environment and improve the tree's resistance to stress. Combined with autumn fertilization and deep soil turning, it can optimize soil structure, improve soil permeability, facilitate root respiration, and improve soil water storage and fertilizer retention.
Therefore, the autumn application base fertilizer, winter application base fertilizer, spring application base fertilizer, from the purchase of fertilizer to fertilization, are the same money and labor, but the fertilization effect received is completely different.
Therefore, many experts and professors have called for: fruit trees, the autumn base fertilizer is “goldâ€, the winter application base fertilizer is “silverâ€, and the spring application base fertilizer is “broken copper and ironâ€. The majority of fruit farmers should fully understand the important implications.
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