1 Geological soil selection
Soil is the basic condition for tea tree to survive, and it has a certain influence on the quality of tea. Tea growers should pay attention to the selection of geological soil, so that it can meet the standard requirements for efficient cultivation of pollution-free tea. The quality of tea plants is affected by the soil conditions. Therefore, tea planters should select areas where the water source is relatively clean and the air is fresh as the tea plantation area before planting tea. Tea planting has certain requirements for topography and terrain. The slope of the area where the tea plantation is located cannot exceed 30, and the altitude is less than 1500m [1]. In addition to topographic and topographic requirements, the tea planting requires more soil. In terms of pH, the pH of the planting soil in the area where the tea plantation is located should preferably be in the range of 4.5 to 5.5. This ensures that the soil can be the root of the tea tree. Provide the needed nutrients. On the basis of satisfying the above-mentioned planting principles, tea growers should also choose the areas where there are no other plant roots, soft soil, good water permeability, and sufficient water as tea planting areas.
After determining the tea planting areas, tea growers also have to apply organic fertilizers in the soil to effectively improve the physical and chemical properties of the soil. In order to improve the activity and organic matter of the soil, tea planters can also cultivate oysters and other ways to create a better environment for the growth of tea plants. Some tea growers bury straw and other organic substances in the soil, which is also an effective way to improve soil organic matter.
2 selection of tea varieties
In the pollution-free cultivation of tea, the variety of tea plants is an important factor that cannot be ignored. First of all, we must make a good selection of tea varieties, combine the soil properties and climate characteristics of the local tea gardens, follow the principle of adapting to local conditions, and select the best tea varieties for planting. The tea plants with strong resistance and strong resistance to the external environment are selected to be the best. When planting tea plants, the planters can be planted with different varieties, which can effectively enhance the resistance of the tea tree to external disturbances. When selecting tea varieties, there are the following requirements for the tea: the selected tea plants must have completeness; the thickness of the stems of the tea should meet the corresponding conditions; the height of the tea must meet relevant requirements, In order to maximize the survival rate of tea seedlings.
3 Tea planting and cultivation
Before planting tea trees, tea growers should dig small pits in advance in the planting area, and then apply appropriate amount of organic fertilizer. Usually, tea tree fertilizer or farmyard fertilizer is generally selected. This results in the best planting effect. According to the specific size of tea plantation, proper planting. During the planting process, it is important to note that the distance between the two tea trees should be controlled within a suitable range to prevent the land from being wasted because the distance is too large, and to avoid plant crowding caused by too small distances, and the root system cannot absorb for normal growth. Need nutrients. The method of planting depends on the actual situation. Tea growers can choose the rotation mode of planting. It should be noted that tea growers need to select natural tea plants for planting, and it is forbidden to use some tea plants that have been cultivated using genetic technology to prevent later normal growth from being affected.
After the cultivation of tea trees is completed, cultivation is required. Compared to natural tea gardens, pollution-free tea gardens require stricter regulations. Tea planters should plant some plants such as Pinto peanuts or Pak Hei grasses in the tea plantation or in the field. These plants do not need much nutrients, so they will not affect the growth of tea plants. The reason why these grasses are planted is to prevent soil erosion by improving the ecological environment and preventing some harmful substances from causing disturbances.
4 Tea Tree Pruning and Pest Management
During the growth of the tea tree, the tea planters must timely trim the residual leaves and dead branches inside the canopy, so as to improve the photosynthesis and ventilation of the tea tree. There are two types of trimming: light trimming, which is mainly done by trimming off some of the extra branches of the tree crown. This kind of trimming method is usually performed once a year; deep trimming will cut off the chicken claws on the canopy during the production process. The pruning method is usually performed once every 3~5a.
Tea growers also need to do a good job of prevention and control of tea pests. Pollution-free tea cultivation has strict requirements on the growth conditions and strict requirements on the content of residual pesticides. It is easy for tea plants to breed some pests and diseases. Tea growers select biological control methods as much as possible to reduce the use of pesticides. This is the original intention of planting pollution-free tea.
5 Conclusion
The production quality of pollution-free tea is an important factor in China's food safety issues. Relevant departments must increase the promotion and application of pollution-free high-efficiency tea cultivation technologies in order to effectively increase the production enthusiasm of tea planters and cultivate more Pollution-free tea.
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