Melon is a biennial herbaceous plant of the cucurbit family Melon. Melon roots occupy a large range of soil volume. Fertilization technology is the key to its high drought tolerance and good permeability of sandy loam, whether it can produce high quality and high quality.
1. Features of fertilizer requirement
Melon requires a large amount of fertilizer and absorbs nutrients at the seedling stage. The absorption of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium gradually increases after flowering. The peak of nitrogen and potassium absorption is 16-17 days after fruit setting, and it drops sharply after 26-27 days after fruit setting . Phosphorus and calcium absorption peaks 26-27 days after fruit setting, and continue to fruit ripening. The time from flowering to the end of the fruit expansion is about one month, which is the period when melons absorb the most mineral nutrients, and is also the period of maximum efficiency of fertilizers. Calcium and boron not only affect the sugar content of the fruit, but also affect the appearance of the fruit. When calcium is insufficient, the surface of the fruit is rough and white, and the flesh is prone to brown spots when the boron is deficient. Melon is a crop that avoids chlorine, and it is not suitable to apply fertilizers such as ammonium chloride and potassium chloride.
2. Key points of fertilization
â‘ Fertilization of open melon:
Melon requires continuous supply of nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium fertilizers during the growing period. The absorption ratio of the three elements of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium is about 2: 1: 3.7. For every 1000kg of melon produced, 2.5-3.5kg of nitrogen, 1.3-1.7kg of phosphorus and 4.4-6.8kg of potassium are required. During the fruiting period, the amount of fertilizer absorbed was the largest. The absorption peak of nitrogen and potassium fertilizers is 16-17 days after sitting melon, and the absorption peak of phosphate fertilizer is slightly later. Excessive nitrogen application at the early growth stage will cause melon. Too much nitrogen application when the fruit is near maturity will affect the increase of sugar. Therefore, nitrogen fertilizer should be based on long-acting and slow-acting fertilizers. Phosphate and potash fertilizers play an important role in improving fruit quality and early ripening, and phosphorus and potash fertilizers should be added during the fruit formation period. Melon is sensitive to calcium, magnesium, boron and other elements and should be applied as appropriate. In continuous cropping plots, the application of trace elements should be considered. The type of fertilizer should be mainly high-quality organic fertilizer rich in phosphorus and potassium, such as oil cake fertilizer, fish fertilizer, human feces, chicken and duck feces. Focus on Gishi.
â‘¡Basic fertilizer
All of them are applied during tillage and land preparation, and the application rate accounts for 1/3 ～ 2/3 of the total fertilization amount. High-quality chicken manure or pig manure is applied 2500-3000kg per mu, and fine fertilizer such as human manure 500-1000kg. Concentrated application using ditch or hole application. In addition, the effect of basic application of superphosphate is better, generally apply 25-50kg per mu.
â‘¢ Topdressing
Generally apply 50 ～ 100kg of ammonium sulphate or fertilization per mu. Once at the seedling stage and after topping, each time after the fruiting stage is followed by 1 to 3 times. As for the type of manure, quick-acting fertilizers such as human manure and urine can be used, diluted 3 to 5 times with water, and poured.
â‘£Fertilization of melon in the protected area:
In addition to basal application in the protected field, when the melon is seated (the egg is large), it can be combined with dark ditch watering, chasing urea and potassium dihydrogen phosphate with the water, applying 20kg of urea per mu and 20kg of potassium dihydrogen phosphate. If covered with plastic film, the plant grows faster in the early stage and needs more water and fertilizer. You can add some chemical fertilizers to the base fertilizer, such as urea 10kg, phosphate fertilizer 40kg, strip application or spread application.
The output value of planted melons in the protected area is high, and it is feasible to increase the input appropriately. In order to increase the early yield, you can spray Ethephon once in the second and fourth true leaves, the concentration is 100ml / L, which helps to increase the weight of female flowers and average single melon, and can also increase the thickness of the pulp To increase the content of soluble solids and vitamin C.
In order to improve the sitting rate of the first crop of melons in the protected area in early spring, 2.5 g / kg sitting melon can be evenly sprayed when the female flowers are opening or about to open. When the eggs of the young melons are large, apply 1.5ml / kg gibberellin to the melon stem once to promote the growth of young fruits. After the fruit is basically full, spraying the surface of the fruit with 500-1000mg / kg Ethephon can be harvested early without affecting the flavor.
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