Release date: 2018-06-07
Hollywood actress Angelina Jolie has removed the breast, ovaries and fallopian tubes in order to prevent cancer. What prompted her to make this decision was genetic testing. The test found that she carried the BRCA family gene, which gave her a great chance of suffering from cancer...
In order to serve more "Juli", bioscientists continue to develop new technologies and tools to quickly and accurately decipher human DNA (deoxyribonucleic acid) codes. Recently, the Belgian Inter-School Microelectronics Center issued a bulletin that the center has successfully developed a new optical nanopore device that can directly read single-molecule DNA bases, and is expected to be used for rapid gene sequencing.
How is this new tool applied? What is the current development of gene sequencing technology? The reporter interviewed the industry experts with questions.
Three generations of equipment update speeds up
"Epigenetics is one of the most advanced fields in genetics research. In the case of DNA sequences that have not changed, gene expression has undergone hereditary changes. Most of the sequencing methods currently used are based on epigenetics and are cumbersome. It is time-consuming and expensive." Recently, Liu Bin, a researcher at the Taita Institute of Biotechnology, Nankai University, commented on the research results of Belgian counterparts and believed that "this research is the future direction and has broad application prospects."
A drop of blood tests for genetic diseases, and a spit to predict future health... Through 32 spring and autumn gene sequencing technologies, biomedicine and human health have been greatly promoted, and the technology itself is changing with each passing day. In 1986, the first commercial gene sequencing equipment appeared; after 19 years, the second generation of sequencing equipment was put into use. From the second generation to the third generation, humans only spent five years. "This shows that the speed of genetic sequencing equipment is faster and faster." Liu Bin analyzed.
The first generation of sequencing technology, based on the principle of double-deoxy-termination sequencing proposed by Fred Sanger, combined with fluorescent labeling and capillary array electrophoresis technology to achieve sequencing automation, the basic method is chain termination or degradation, Human Genome Project It is based on this sequencing technology. The second-generation sequencing technology has greatly improved the throughput and accuracy, and the cost of sequencing has also dropped significantly. It is the mainstream of commercial sequencing. The third-generation sequencing technology, also known as single-molecule DNA sequencing, distinguishes base signal differences by means of modern optics, polymers, and nanotechnology to achieve direct reading of sequence information.
Convert bases to photoelectric signals
"The criminal investigation police is handling the case, and will use instruments and light to capture the fingerprints and footprints left by the criminal suspects. The gene sequencing technology is similar to this, and it is also realized by instruments using optical principles." Speaking of gene sequencing, Liu Bin vividly Metaphor. At present, all sequencing on the market basically requires optical or electrical structure, converting different bases into optical or electrical signals (raw data), and then converting the original information into bases available for bioinformatics analysis through a first-level analysis. (ATCG).
“When a DNA molecule passes through a surface plasmon nanoslit, it simultaneously excites surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy, providing a 'fingerprint' of the base molecule to achieve accurate identification of chemical bond levels. Raman spectroscopy can recognize chemical bonds. Level, so this technology can not only be used for base sequencing of ATCG, but also for chemical modification such as methylation and thiolation of bases." Liu Bin said that base modification is molecular structure. Modification, so it is better than the current method, both in terms of accuracy and detection range.
Compared with the second-generation technology, the third-generation gene sequencing technology currently has a relatively high cost error rate. For example, for the cost per 1 million bases, the cost of sequencing the second generation gene is up to RMB 1 yuan, and the cost of sequencing for the third generation is about 7 yuan. However, Liu Bin is optimistic that with the advancement and stability of technology, the price of three-generation gene sequencing will drop significantly in the next five years. "The whole genome will be sequenced, and the future price will drop below 1,000 yuan."
Source: Technology Daily
Diagnostic reagents can be divided into two categories: in vivo diagnostic reagents and in vitro diagnostic reagents. It is mostly a reagent for detection by the reaction between antigen and antibody.
A: Classification of in vitro diagnostic reagents:
1. In vitro biodiagnostic reagents managed as drugs include:
1. Blood type and tissue type reagents;
2. Microbial antigen, antibody and nucleic acid detection reagents;
3. Tumor marker reagents;
4. Immunohistochemistry and human tissue cell reagents;
5. Human genetic testing reagents;
6. Biochips;
7. Allergy diagnostic reagents.
2. In vitro reagents managed as medical devices include:
1. Clinical basic test reagents;
2. Clinical chemistry reagents;
3. Blood gas and electrolyte determination reagents;
4. Vitamin determination reagents;
5. Cell histochemical stains;
6. Autoimmune diagnostic reagents;
7. Microbiological test reagents.
B: According to medical test items, clinical diagnostic reagents can be roughly divided into clinical chemical test reagents, immunology and
Serological testing reagents, hematological and cytogenetic testing reagents, microbiological testing reagents, body fluid excretion
Detection reagents, genetic diagnosis reagents, etc. Among them, the market share of clinical chemistry
The largest, close to 34%; followed by the immunology market, accounting for about 29%. Novel immunodiagnostic reagents and genetic diagnostic tests
The reagent was developed in the late 1980s, and it is the most common diagnostic reagent for all current diagnostic reagents, regardless of technology or market.
The fastest growing product.
Urine Rapid Test Kit,Rapid Test Kit 6-Panel,Toxoplasma rapid test kits,Fecal Occult Blood Test
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