Vitamin E is an indispensable organic compound that maintains normal physiological functions of animals. Its metabolic functions are manifold. Past studies have shown that vitamin E plays a role in improving animal immunity, preventing infertility, and promoting growth. The important role, but with the development of animal husbandry, people have discovered more and more effects of vitamin E, so the biological effects of vitamin E on animals have once again attracted the attention of researchers, this article uses a lot of facts to explain vitamin E in The important "status" of sow feeding. 1. Vitamin E and Immunity Currently, there are controversies about the immune mechanism of vitamin E. Most people think that there are two ways: First, the immune function of the body is affected by the antioxidant effect of vitamin E. Vitamin E can prevent the body from producing excessive free radicals to damage the biofilm, protect the normal fluidity of the biofilm, thereby protecting immune cells from exerting normal physiological functions, and enhancing humoral immunity and cellular immunity. The second is by reducing the production of prostaglandins (PG). Vitamin E can affect the key enzymes of oxidative phosphorylation (coenzyme Q and cytochrome biosynthesis) to alter lymphocyte membrane receptor function and thereby inhibit prostaglandin and biosynthesis in the cyclooxygenase pathway. By stimulating the synthesis of coenzyme Q, vitamin E can also enhance the phagocytic capacity of phagocytic cells in reticulum skin cells, improve cellular immune function and the ability of neutrophils to kill Staphylococcus aureus and E. coli. The immune-protective effect of vitamin E on sows has been demonstrated. Vitamin E was added to sow diets containing 10 mg/kg of vitamin E. When added at 50 mg/kg and 70 mg/kg, the immunity of piglets increased. In addition, vitamin E 20 mg/kg, 40 mg/kg, and 60 mg/kg dry matter were added to the sow diet from the 30th day of pregnancy until weaning, both to increase sow cellular and humoral immune responses. After the sow's humoral immune response system is strengthened, the number of immunoglobulins secreted into colostrum and conventional milk will increase. Therefore, adding vitamin E higher than the growth and propagation requirements in the sow diet will help the piglets obtain more antibodies from the mother. The greatest benefit of adding vitamin E is to increase the immunity of the sows and their piglets. It has been found that immune responses to ovalbumin increase in weanling piglets fed high-level vitamin E sows, and piglets given medium-level vitamin E sows have increased phagocytic activity at 1 week of age. This is a legacy of high levels of vitamin E diets for sows and is directly related to the significant increase in plasma vitamin E concentrations in piglets. 2, Vitamin E and reproduction studies have shown that vitamin E is closely related to sexual function. It secretes gonadotropin through the anterior pituitary and regulates its function. Can enhance ovarian function, so that follicles increase luteal cells. When sows lack vitamin E, ovarian function declines, sexual cycles are abnormal, fertilization is not possible, embryonic development is abnormal, or stillbirth occurs. Adding vitamin E to the diet of pregnant sows (containing vitamin E 0.78 IU/kg, selenium 0.4 mg/kg) can increase litter size and reduce pre-weaning mortality in piglets, as does intramuscular injection. Some people have studied the effect of vitamin E and selenium on the reproductive performance of sows. The results show that vitamin E and selenium have a good effect on reproductive performance of sows. 3. Vitamin E and Disease Vitamin E can increase resistance to intestinal disease associated with pre-weaning death in sows and newborn piglets. Addition of vitamin E to the sow diet increases the immunity of the sow. At the same time, the number of immune globulin produced by the pigs vaccinated orally increases, so the piglets' resistance to external pathogens, especially the intestinal microbes, is increased, thereby reducing the piglets' weaning. Loss caused by previous bowel disease. 4. Other effects of vitamin E Vitamin E acts as an intracellular antioxidant, preventing oxidation and destruction of intracellular, cell membrane, and fatty acids, and thus destroys the integrity of cell membranes. Vitamin E is also a natural feed antioxidant that is added to the sow feed in the form of a feed additive that protects the vitamin A in the feed and that some of the unsaturated fat is oxidized. There are also studies showing that vitamin E has anti-stress, anti-virus, anti-infection and other effects. 5. The relationship between vitamin E and other nutrients 1 The relationship between vitamin E and selenium So far, the relationship between vitamin E and selenium has been studied most clearly, and the two work together to complete the role of cell membrane protection. Selenium is a component of glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px). The physiological function of selenium is to exert an antioxidant effect in the form of GSH-Px. Vitamin E mainly prevents the oxidation of unsaturated fatty acids into hydration. Oxygen, and glutathione peroxidase rapidly decomposes the produced hydrates into alcohol and water, so vitamin E is the first line of defense against peroxide production, and selenium-containing GHS-Px The role of the second line of defense. 2 Relationship between vitamin E and vitamin C Vitamin C (ascorbic acid) is the most important antioxidant in the extracellular fluid. It synergizes with vitamin C to scavenge peroxidative reactions in the body to produce free radicals and improve the body's anti-stress and antioxidant capacity. However, there are still many contradictions in the study of the relationship between the two. 3 Relationship between vitamin E and vitamin A Vitamin E and vitamin A are both fat-soluble vitamins, but vitamin A inhibits vitamin E absorption. High levels of vitamin A in diets can reduce vitamin E levels in plasma and body fat. Antagonism between the two may be related to the fat-soluble vitamins and the common site of micro-cluster absorption and vitamin E antioxidant. Some people think that the antagonistic effect of vitamin A and vitamin E is to promote the absorption of selenium and reduce the absorption of vitamin E. 4 Relationship between vitamin E and other nutrients Unsaturated acids and their oxidation products in diets can reduce the absorption of vitamin E by interfering with the formation of micelle micelles. When dietary levels of sulfur-containing amino acids are high, the amount of vitamin E can be reduced. Reduced glutathione has anti-oxidant effect and can work synergistically with vitamin E. 6, Vitamin E deficiency Lack of vitamin E in sows produced by piglets showed muscle weakness, gait stiffness, anemia, convulsions, ataxia, muscular dystrophy, but also prone to white muscle disease, myocardial atrophy was gray, limb paralysis . Embryonic sows exhibit embryonic death, miscarriage, decreased reproductive performance, and edema. The vitamin content of lactating sows' milk is greatly reduced, causing muscle movement disorders and white muscle disease in suckling piglets. 7. Sources of vitamin E Vitamin E is widely distributed, and vegetable feed is higher in alfalfa, soybeans, and corn. Animal diets have more animal fat (such as fish oil). It should be pointed out that vitamin E cannot be synthesized in vivo and can only be met by exogenous supply to meet its growth and production needs. With the improvement of human living standards, people are increasingly demanding the quality of livestock products. Given the biological effects of vitamin E, the current requirement for vitamin E requirements is not based solely on deficiencies, but should be derived from the maximum production of livestock. Special requirements for performance, improved immunity, etc. to reposition.
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