1. Bacterial crop blight, commonly known as rotten root disease and black root disease, occurs in all cotton regions of the country. After cotton seedlings are injured, yellowish-brown spots develop on the stem base near the ground, and then turn into dark brown. Gradually sag and rot. In severe cases, the disease becomes thinner and the diseased seedlings die or fall. Cotyledons form an irregular, yellow-brown lesion after victimization, and later the diseased department breaks off and becomes perforated. In the adult period, brown spots appear on the leaves, and the perforations are exfoliated.
Control methods: 1, a reasonable rotation: with grass crops: rotation for 2 to 3 years. 2, a reasonable fertilization: fine soil preparation, increase the application of organic fertilizer or 5406 fertilizer. 3, improve the quality of sowing: spring cotton to 5 cm deep Shishida 14 °C suitable for sowing, general sowing 4 ~ 5 cm deep is appropriate. 4, to strengthen seedling management: appropriate early seedlings, diligent cultivators, reduce soil moisture, increase the temperature, nurturing strong seedlings. 5, seed dressing seed dressing, with a seed weight of 0.5 to 0.8% of 50% carbendazim, or seed weight of 0.6% of 50% thiophanate-methyl, seed dressing.
2. Fusarium wilt Wilt disease, also called plant cancer, is the enemy of cotton production and has spread rapidly in recent years. Fusarium wilt is characterized by: dwarfing plants, grayish-green leaves, brittleness, stalk bending, shortening of stem knots, depression of the roof, and vascular bundles in stems turning grayish brown or light black. Incidence conditions: high temperature and high humidity, even planting, sunny days after the rain, will die, into a film death.
Prevention methods: 1. Soil improvement: Based on the application of organic manure, nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium, an additional 0.5 kilograms of weight herbicide per acre will be added, and then ploughing can remove most of the soil bacteria, and can make the soil Increase the air permeability, eliminate the content of alanine in the soil, remove the hardened, improve the saline-alkali, enhance the resistance of the plants, and reduce the damage of the yellowish wilt. 2, the amount of nitrogen fertilizer. 3. Watering at an appropriate time. On average, there are two bells per plant. The first water is poured when the weather is dry. Early watering will promote the occurrence of diseases. 4. The seedlings, buds and flowers are periodically sprayed 24 times for first aid, or Hymexazol prevents yellowish wilt. 5, on the diseased plants can be surgically controlled, set on the base of the cotton stem 5 to 6 cm with a knife to open 2 to 3 cm longitudinal mouth, insert two with the yellow liquid first aid soaked for more than 4 hours of the matchstick, take The above methods can effectively control the damage of cotton wilt, and can also control the blight of other crops.
Three, black rot black rot cotton root epidermis was black, slightly raised, no new roots grow, plant dwarf, leaves soft cotton, slow growth, easy to die at high temperatures, death after plant was black and dry, upright not In fact, the onset was massive. After long periods of rain, the water was long, the terrain was low, and the saline-alkali or heavy nitrogen fertilization plots were not in time. Before the planting of sweet potato, sugar beet, Chinese cabbage, cabbage, and radish plots, the disease was prone to develop.
Control methods: 1, leveling the land, prevent water accumulation, timely drainage. 2. After the rain, the cultivating loose soil breathes in time to increase the root activity. 3. Increase the use of lime powder 15 kilograms per mu, 10 kg of ferrous sulfate or the application of heavy scorpion agent, fertility treasure can reduce and control the occurrence of the disease. 4, increase organic fertilizer and phosphorus and potassium fertilizer, control and appropriate application of nitrogen fertilizer; 5, the incidence of yellow with first aid, rot speed Kang 20 grams each, add 15 kilograms of water, spraying foliar or irrigation roots can effectively prevent black rot.
IV. Viral diseases Cotton virus disease mainly includes lobular virus disease, mosaic virus disease, beryllium wilt disease, purple leaf virus disease defoliation, falling flowers, fruit drop virus disease, and viral disease called plant AIDS, which spreads quickly and causes serious damage. Reduced production invisible is the plant's biggest enemy.
Control methods: The use of virus doctors, anti-toxins, virus extinguishers, and blight disease can be prevented in the early stage of cotton growth.
5. Stem blight disease Cotton can be damaged from the seedling stage to the boll stage. The early stage damages the cotyledons, true leaves, stems and growing points, resulting in rotten species, leaf spots, stem blight, decapitated deciduous trees and even the whole plant withered, late infestation. Loquat leaves and bells, causing defoliation and stupor. Cotyledons and true leaves at the beginning of the disease are yellow-brown small round spots, with purple edges, and then expanded into round or irregular brown spots. Many small black spots (pathogens) are scattered on the surface. The stems and petioles were affected. The lesions were reddish-brown at the beginning, and later expanded into dark brown spindle-shaped ulcers, central depressions, and purplish reds. When the condition is serious, the diseased part is broken off and the stems die.
Control methods: 1, rational rotation, rational close planting, improve ventilation and light conditions. 2, seed dressing, cottonseed sulphur after degreasing, mixed with carbofuran and carbendazim ratio of 1:0.5 seed coating agent, both disease prevention can also treat aphids. 3, spraying, seedling stage or adult disease, 65% can be used on behalf of Sen 800 times, or 70% thiophanate-methyl 1000 times spray control.
Control methods: 1, a reasonable rotation: with grass crops: rotation for 2 to 3 years. 2, a reasonable fertilization: fine soil preparation, increase the application of organic fertilizer or 5406 fertilizer. 3, improve the quality of sowing: spring cotton to 5 cm deep Shishida 14 °C suitable for sowing, general sowing 4 ~ 5 cm deep is appropriate. 4, to strengthen seedling management: appropriate early seedlings, diligent cultivators, reduce soil moisture, increase the temperature, nurturing strong seedlings. 5, seed dressing seed dressing, with a seed weight of 0.5 to 0.8% of 50% carbendazim, or seed weight of 0.6% of 50% thiophanate-methyl, seed dressing.
2. Fusarium wilt Wilt disease, also called plant cancer, is the enemy of cotton production and has spread rapidly in recent years. Fusarium wilt is characterized by: dwarfing plants, grayish-green leaves, brittleness, stalk bending, shortening of stem knots, depression of the roof, and vascular bundles in stems turning grayish brown or light black. Incidence conditions: high temperature and high humidity, even planting, sunny days after the rain, will die, into a film death.
Prevention methods: 1. Soil improvement: Based on the application of organic manure, nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium, an additional 0.5 kilograms of weight herbicide per acre will be added, and then ploughing can remove most of the soil bacteria, and can make the soil Increase the air permeability, eliminate the content of alanine in the soil, remove the hardened, improve the saline-alkali, enhance the resistance of the plants, and reduce the damage of the yellowish wilt. 2, the amount of nitrogen fertilizer. 3. Watering at an appropriate time. On average, there are two bells per plant. The first water is poured when the weather is dry. Early watering will promote the occurrence of diseases. 4. The seedlings, buds and flowers are periodically sprayed 24 times for first aid, or Hymexazol prevents yellowish wilt. 5, on the diseased plants can be surgically controlled, set on the base of the cotton stem 5 to 6 cm with a knife to open 2 to 3 cm longitudinal mouth, insert two with the yellow liquid first aid soaked for more than 4 hours of the matchstick, take The above methods can effectively control the damage of cotton wilt, and can also control the blight of other crops.
Three, black rot black rot cotton root epidermis was black, slightly raised, no new roots grow, plant dwarf, leaves soft cotton, slow growth, easy to die at high temperatures, death after plant was black and dry, upright not In fact, the onset was massive. After long periods of rain, the water was long, the terrain was low, and the saline-alkali or heavy nitrogen fertilization plots were not in time. Before the planting of sweet potato, sugar beet, Chinese cabbage, cabbage, and radish plots, the disease was prone to develop.
Control methods: 1, leveling the land, prevent water accumulation, timely drainage. 2. After the rain, the cultivating loose soil breathes in time to increase the root activity. 3. Increase the use of lime powder 15 kilograms per mu, 10 kg of ferrous sulfate or the application of heavy scorpion agent, fertility treasure can reduce and control the occurrence of the disease. 4, increase organic fertilizer and phosphorus and potassium fertilizer, control and appropriate application of nitrogen fertilizer; 5, the incidence of yellow with first aid, rot speed Kang 20 grams each, add 15 kilograms of water, spraying foliar or irrigation roots can effectively prevent black rot.
IV. Viral diseases Cotton virus disease mainly includes lobular virus disease, mosaic virus disease, beryllium wilt disease, purple leaf virus disease defoliation, falling flowers, fruit drop virus disease, and viral disease called plant AIDS, which spreads quickly and causes serious damage. Reduced production invisible is the plant's biggest enemy.
Control methods: The use of virus doctors, anti-toxins, virus extinguishers, and blight disease can be prevented in the early stage of cotton growth.
5. Stem blight disease Cotton can be damaged from the seedling stage to the boll stage. The early stage damages the cotyledons, true leaves, stems and growing points, resulting in rotten species, leaf spots, stem blight, decapitated deciduous trees and even the whole plant withered, late infestation. Loquat leaves and bells, causing defoliation and stupor. Cotyledons and true leaves at the beginning of the disease are yellow-brown small round spots, with purple edges, and then expanded into round or irregular brown spots. Many small black spots (pathogens) are scattered on the surface. The stems and petioles were affected. The lesions were reddish-brown at the beginning, and later expanded into dark brown spindle-shaped ulcers, central depressions, and purplish reds. When the condition is serious, the diseased part is broken off and the stems die.
Control methods: 1, rational rotation, rational close planting, improve ventilation and light conditions. 2, seed dressing, cottonseed sulphur after degreasing, mixed with carbofuran and carbendazim ratio of 1:0.5 seed coating agent, both disease prevention can also treat aphids. 3, spraying, seedling stage or adult disease, 65% can be used on behalf of Sen 800 times, or 70% thiophanate-methyl 1000 times spray control.
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