Four Principles of Peanut Introduction and Seed Production

Peanut introduction is the introduction of foreign or foreign peanut varieties (or genetic resource materials) into a specific area for direct use or scientific research. The introduction of peanuts is an effective way to realize the mutual exchange and utilization of peanut varieties and promote the achievement of breeding results as soon as possible. Summing up the practical experience of introducing peanuts for many years, we believe that introduction of peanuts must adhere to the four principles and a new technology for the production of original varieties.

1 The four principles of peanut introduction

1.1 Principles of similar climate and ecology The characteristics of peanut varieties are the result of the interaction between genotype and environment. The normal growth and development of peanuts have certain requirements for climatic conditions, ecological environment and other factors. Different peanut varieties maintain certain adaptability to specific climatic conditions and ecological environment. Among the climate and environment factors, temperature has the greatest impact on peanuts, followed by rainfall. According to the experience of many years of introduction work, most peanut varieties have a wide range of adaptability. As long as the accumulated temperature can be satisfied, proper water supply can ensure the normal growth and development of peanuts. Among the ecological and environmental factors, we must first consider the soil ecological factors, followed by biological and ecological factors, that is, the occurrence of pests and diseases. Therefore, in order to avoid the introduction of blindness and increase the success rate of introduction, the introduction of peanuts should pay attention to the similarities of the climatic ecology between the origin and the introduced region. It is best to introduce the local flower production area. For example, China's Yellow River basin flower production areas are mainly Shandong, Hebei, Henan, and northern Jiangsu, northern Hebei, etc. These areas are relatively consistent in terms of climate, soil, pests and diseases, etc., peanuts selected throughout the production area Most varieties can introduce each other.

1.2 The principle of strict introduction of procedures The first is to collect a wide range of peanut varieties. According to the introduction of local targets, to collect a wide range of peanut varieties, priority should be given to selected varieties. Must be targeted when collecting, according to the actual needs of the local production and market requirements, directly to the breeding unit of the flower to inspect, collect new varieties of peanuts (or strains), the number generally does not exceed 10; followed by good plant quarantine work; third , do a good introduction test. The introduction test is generally based on a variety of local planting varieties as a control. Through 2 to 3 years of comparison tests and demonstrations, the focus is on the yield, appearance, and intrinsic quality of the introduced peanut varieties. The yield is more than 10% higher than that of the control, the quality is equivalent, or the yield is more than 5% higher than that of the control. For new varieties that are better than the control, the area for trial planting can be expanded. After repeated inspections to identify and confirm the value of popularization and application, they are submitted to the local seed management department for confirmation, and then demonstrations, breeding and promotion are conducted.

1.3 The principle of adapting to local conditions mainly considers two aspects: First, the introduced peanut varieties must be able to adapt to the planting system in the region. The cultivation system in a region is formed in the long-term social and production development process. It is almost impossible to change in a short time. Therefore, when introducing, it must be considered whether the variety can adapt to the local planting system. For example, some regions are cooked once a year, and their light and heat resources are more than one season. Two seasons are insufficient. When introduced, we must consider introducing peanut varieties with long growing period to fully utilize local light and heat resources and play a peanut in the first season. The potential for yield increase; some areas are cooked twice a year, in order to ease the contradiction between the two crops before and after the mouthwash, we must consider the introduction of short-growing peanut varieties, in order to ensure that both crops in one season can obtain high yield; Second, the introduced peanut varieties should be suitable for local cultivation methods. Different varieties adapt to different cultivation methods and management levels, and different flower production areas have different cultivation methods and management levels. Even the cultivation methods and management levels in the same area have certain differences. Therefore, peanuts must be cultivated when introduced. Methods, production management levels and other factors are taken into account.

1.4 Principles for Considering Variety Utilization Peanut varieties can be classified into special types for oil use, direct consumption, and export, depending on the use of peanut products. If locally produced peanut products are mainly sold to vegetable oil plants, the first thing to consider when introducing them is that the fat content of peanut varieties should not be less than 50%; if the locally produced peanut products are mainly supplied to urban and rural residents for direct consumption, they must first be considered when introducing the peanut products. Peanut varieties have the same kernel size, grain shape, bright color, and taste, taste better; if the local production of peanuts mainly for foreign trade, we must import high-quality peanut varieties that meet the local export requirements.

2 a nursery system to produce the original new technology

In order to prevent the new varieties of peanut from appearing mixed and degraded in the process of popularization and application, maintaining the original species of the varieties and extending the useful life of the varieties of peanuts, the introduction and purification of peanut must be carried out simultaneously. In the actual work, we found that adopting the “three-year two-plant system” to produce the original peanut seeds not only has a large investment and high costs, but also has a long production cycle and is likely to cause genetic drift of varieties, resulting in a new variety of peanuts not yet in production. With the promotion and application of the NPC, there has been a degenerative and mixed phenomenon. To this end, through years of research and production practices of peanut breeding techniques, we have improved and simplified the breeding technology of peanut seeds and summarized a new technology for the production of peanuts. A nursery system has four advantages: First, the production cycle is short, reducing the number of breeding algebra, accelerating the breeding process, and relatively extending the useful life of the variety. The variety of peanuts can be adjusted at any time as the variety is changed, and the strain of the breeding work can be enhanced. The second is to ensure seed quality and purity, which is conducive to the standardization of seeds. Third, the operation is simple and easy to master, save time and labor, and the cost is low. The fourth is high propagation coefficient, saving sources.

A new technology for the production of peanuts, including the use of low-generation seed sources, single-on-demand, identification of ramets, whole-plant removal, and mixed harvesting.

2.1 Selecting good seeds and plots It is best to introduce the original species from the breeding unit, or to introduce the original species with high purity and low algebra from the breeding unit. The original species nursery should choose a plot with flat terrain, uniform soil, drought and flood protection, no drooping disease, and nematode disease, preferably sandy loam, and no peanuts have been planted within 2 to 3 years.

2.2 fertilization ridging, single crop on demand before the crop to re-apply organic fertilizer, soil fertility improvement soil. Available in the season 45% efficient compound fertilizer, application rate 525 ~ 675kg/ha. Small high ridge planting, ridge distance 40 ~ 45cm, ridge height 10cm, ridge length 10 ~ 20m. Each row of peanuts was planted on each ridge, and the method of single seeding was used. The spacing between the rows was 15-18 cm. A control line was set every 9 lines or 19 lines, and the control was a high purity of the same variety with a typical trait.

2.3 Ramets identification, the entire plant to remove impurities in the peanut growth and development process, in the seedling stage, flower needle stage, end stage, fruit ripening period and harvest period, while observation, identification, while eliminating. Mainly based on the identification of the original varieties of typical traits, found that the strains, strains, timely removal of the whole plant. Mature period and harvest period, observed maturity sooner or later, the height of the plant clusters, the shape and size of the gooseberry, and the uniformity of the gooseberry were compared with the typical characteristics of the control line, high yield and comprehensive resistance, and the final identification was made.

2.4 Mixed harvest, safe storage before harvest According to the size of the original nursery garden, select a number of representative samples, each point selected 20 plants for a field purity inspection. After acceptance by the original seed quality, it can be mixed and harvested. Harvest to achieve timely, single income, single drying and single storage. And regular inspections, pay attention to anti-mixing, anti-mildew and rodent protection.

Ginger

Fresh To Ground Ginger,Fresh Ginger To Dry,Grated Fresh Ginger,Organic Dried Ginger

Jining Yuanheng International Trading Co.,Ltd , https://www.china-garlic-exporter.com

Posted on