In the autumn, the Chinese cabbage can be harvested in the early winter, and the harvested Chinese cabbage can be stored for winter and spring. It is the main vegetable source in the cold regions of the north.
1 Choose an excellent variety
Chinese cabbage varieties can be divided into three basic ecological types: straight type, original head type and oval type. However, due to the growing season, it is necessary to select medium-late and late-maturing varieties that are resistant to disease, cold, high yield and storage, and suitable for late sowing. Success is also convenient for winter storage. The annual climatic conditions are always different, so the selection of species should be diversified. When the main varieties are arranged, the planting of 1 ~ 2 varieties can avoid the passive situation of severe production reduction caused by climate impact or sudden onset.
2 Fertilization
Chinese cabbage can not be used continuously or in rotation with other cruciferous vegetables. This is one of the important measures to prevent pests and diseases. Because the root system of Chinese cabbage is shallow, the soil moisture and nutrient requirements are high. It is better to choose soil with strong water retention and good fertility. Combined with arable land, the application of base fertilizer is mainly based on organic fertilizer, 8 000 ~ 10 000 kg per mu, and 75 ~ 100 kg of potassium sulfate compound fertilizer. Deep soiling is required to achieve fine soil leveling.
3 sowing
Generally, it is appropriate to sow 3 to 5 days after the beginning of autumn. Chinese cabbage is generally used live. The advantage of live broadcast is that the plant does not undergo the slow seedling process after transplanting, and the ball grows faster in the seedling stage; the root system and the leaves can not reduce the chance of disease infection; save labor and facilitate the time to plant; The output is high. The sowing is arranged in the evening for the third day of the evening seedlings, and after a night of exercise, the sun is received.
Most of them use strips. They open a line of ditch on the raft, and the depth of the ditch is 5 ~ 10 cm. Spread the seeds evenly in the ditch and cover the fine soil with a thickness of 0.8 ~ 1 cm. The amount of seeds per mu is about 250 g. After the young shoots are unearthed, take measures to dilute the small water to keep the ground moist and reduce the surface temperature. In the absence of rain, watering is usually done once a day on the day of planting or the next day, so that the ridge surface is soaked, and the second water is poured on the third day of planting to encourage most of the young shoots to be unearthed.
4 seedling management
Refers to the management from the emergence of young shoots to the period of the saplings. This stage should be combined with the time seedlings. The average seedlings are 2 to 3 times, respectively, when they are in the "Lacrosse", 2 to 3 medium leaves, and 4 to 5 medium leaves. And remove weeds, diseased shoots and weak seedlings. 6 pieces of true leaves (group) when seedlings, generally medium-sized varieties of plant spacing of about 50 cm, large varieties of plant spacing of about 60 cm, and timely ploughing, cultivating should be shallow should not be deep, generally to break the topsoil, the depth is about 3 cm, In order to avoid injury to the roots. After cultivating and weeding after the seedling, the depth is about 5 cm. It is necessary to grasp the principle that the distance should be deep and the near seedling should be shallow.
5 Fertilizer management
5.1 Topdressing. The yield of Chinese cabbage is high, and the amount of fertilizer is large. On the basis of applying the base fertilizer, it is necessary to topdress in time. Topdressing should be determined according to different growth periods and seedlings. Seedling stage is generally not topdressing. If the bottom fertilizer is insufficient, the first time can be in the 3 ~ 4 true leaf stage, apply ammonium sulfate or urea 10 kg per acre, spread on both sides of the seedlings, and immediately water, called "lifting fertilizer"; the second top dressing After the seedlings are planted, 15 to 20 kg of urea per acre is applied to the ditch on both sides of the ridge, which is called “fat fertilizerâ€;
The third top dressing is in the rosette period. During this period, fertilizer and water management must be strengthened. Only when the fertilizer and water supply are sufficient, can the plants grow vigorously and vigorously, and enhance the disease resistance. 25 to 30 kg of ammonium sulfate or urea per acre. 10 ~ 15 kg of superphosphate, the fertilizer is applied into the ditch or the hole, and then the soil is ridged and then watered, called "large top dressing"; the fourth top dressing in the middle of the ball, per acre of ammonium sulfate or urea 15 ~ 20 kg, can be called "filling heart fat" with water.
5.2 Watering. Chinese cabbage from the group to the rosette period, the temperature and water can be properly watered, the end of the rose can be properly controlled for several days until the third top dressing and then watering. After the cabbage enters the ball-forming period, it needs the most water and fertilizer, so it is necessary to pour the water once after the seedlings are finished. Then, after 2 to 3 days, the second water is poured. Water is immersed once in 5 to 6 days to keep the soil moist.
6 pest control
The pests and diseases of Chinese cabbage should adhere to the principle of “prevention first, prevention and controlâ€. The first is to use high-resistance varieties; the second is to implement reasonable rotation; the third is to apply appropriate amount of chemical drugs, and the specific drug varieties can be determined according to the types of pests and diseases.
The main diseases of Chinese cabbage include viral diseases, downy mildew, leukoplakia and soft rot. In the seedling stage, the water is cooled to prevent and cure the virus disease; the drug is used to control the aphids, and the rapeseed meal, the cabbage caterpillar, the diamondback moth, etc. are sprayed once every 5 days to kill the pyrethroids and other pesticides. During the rosette period, focus on the control of downy mildew, spray 25% carbendazim 500 times solution or 70% mancozeb 500 times solution to control downy mildew and treat white spot disease; control soft rot with 150 ml/L streptomycin sulfate disease. Spray once every 5 ~ 7 days, 3 to 4 times in a row. Prevent the occurrence of mites before harvest.
7 bundles of leaves and harvest
Chinese cabbage should be bundled in time to cope with temperature drop to prevent freezing. Generally, watering is stopped 10 to 15 days before harvesting, and the rosette leaves are lifted up to hold the leaf ball, and then the leaves are bundled with a saturated sweet potato or straw rope. Make the core tighter and continue to grow. 2 to 3 days before the snow, harvest and dry in time, and store the leaves after the leaves are wilting.
Planting Chinese cabbage in the autumn, harvesting fast, storage for a sustainable period of time, suitable for large-scale planting.
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