How to Prevent Vegetable Diseases in Early Spring

First, use bed-free soil. The seedbed is selected where the leewards are sunny and the terrain is high. Bed soil is best to use fertile, field-free soil that has not been sown with solanaceous fruit, melons, and cruciferous vegetables for five consecutive years. Sandy soil is better, and topsoil within 13-17 cm should be selected. Do not use garden soil for bed soil. In order to prevent the spread of soil bacteria, bed soil can be disinfected and treated in many ways. Commonly used methods are: (1) Carbendazim disinfection. 5-30% carbendazim wettable powder 25-30 grams per 1000 kg bed soil, when processed, first carbendazim into an aqueous solution, and then sprayed on the bed soil, mix well and cover it with a plastic film, generally by 2 -3 days to kill various pathogens such as blight in the soil; (2) Formalin disinfection. The formalin, water, and bed soil were sprayed and mixed evenly at a ratio of 1:100:4000-5000, and then piled up and covered with a plastic film. The film was peeled off after 2-3 days to promote the emission of drug gas. In this way, it can be used after 1-2 weeks. In addition, 50% carbendazim or 50% thiram can be used for seed dressing to prevent disease transmission. The dosage is 0.3% of the seed amount.

Second, soaking, germination. Soak the seeds in warm water (55°C) for 15 minutes, stir until the water temperature drops to about 30°C, then soak at the room temperature and germination. The time for soaking and germination of different vegetables is different. Under proper conditions, cucumber takes 36-48 hours, cabbage and cabbage for 36 hours, eggplant 6-7 days, pepper 5-6 days, tomato 2-4 days, and zucchini 6-8 days. When germination, cruciferous vegetables (such as cabbage, cabbage, radish, etc.) have small seeds, and radicles break through the testa, and solanaceous vegetables (such as eggplant, pepper, tomato, etc.) should not exceed the seed length; Seeds (such as cucumber, bitter gourd, wax gourd, etc.) can be used as short-spike shoots or as long as 1-2 cm.

Third, seedbed management. Before sowing, soak the bottom with water, sow the seeds evenly. See the dew seeds and then spread some medicine soil. Then cover the shade net or straw to moisten the whole seedlings, and finally cover with a film for a few days, until the seedlings “show buds”. After sowing and before emergence, the soil was kept moist: the temperature was controlled at 20-35°C, and the relative air humidity was 85-90%. When the seedlings appear, "wear caps" seedlings can be sprayed with water. After the seed shells become hygroscopic, brush them gently with a brush. The water is properly controlled throughout the seedbed period. When the white top soil is very dry, it can be irrigated at one time. Usually, the number of waterings should be reduced as much as possible to prevent the seedlings from growing. Appropriate application of phosphate fertilizer to improve the cold resistance of seedlings. Pay attention to ventilation and prevent air humidity in the seedbed from being too high and harmful gases harm vegetable seedlings. In the case of ensuring the seedbed temperature, increase the light as much as possible to make the seedlings grow robustly. Timely early seedlings, to prevent the seedlings caused by seedlings dead too late. For the aging seedlings, 0.2% sprayed Shibao or 300-500 times potassium dihydrogen phosphate was sprayed per square meter of seedbed to stimulate seedling growth.

Fourth, prevention and treatment of diseases. Seedlings are susceptible to blight and damping-off. At the early stage of disease, the diseased seedlings are firstly removed and then sprayed and protected in time to prevent the spread. Commonly used agents are: copper ammonium mixture (copper sulfate 2 parts, plus 11 parts of ammonium carbonate, mixing and grinding, sealing after 24 hours) 400-500 times liquid, 50% carbendazim 600 times, 75% Chlorothalonil or 70% Trichlorfen wettable powder 600-800 times solution and 0.1-0.2% copper sulfate solution. After the application of pesticides, the humidity of the seedbed is too large, and it can be damped with grass ash or fine dry soil.

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