Plastic greenhouse mushroom cultivation method

Mushroom (Hohenbueheliaserotina) also known as sub-lateral ear. The fruiting bodies are medium to slightly larger, with a cap diameter of 3 to 12 cm, flat spherical to flat, semi-circular or kidney-shaped, yellow-green, viscous, short-villus, and smooth edges. Fungus meat white, thick. Fungus pleats white to pale yellow, stalk lateral. Is the rare wild edible fungus in Heilongjiang Province, the market price has been stable at 20 yuan / kg or more, and there is a steady rise, the price from the autumn of 2003 to the spring of 2004 at 40 yuan / kg or more.

In the past few decades, cultivation of edible fungi in Heilongjiang Province has been dominated by black fungus. As a wild domesticated species, Yuan Mushroom has almost no commercial production. The main reason is the lack of cultivation techniques, which severely restricts the development of this species with wide market potential. In view of this situation, this paper introduces the large-scale production and cultivation techniques of yuan mushroom plastic greenhouse.

1 Requirements for the environment

1.1 temperature mycelial growth temperature of 6 ~ 32 °C, suitable temperature is 20 ~ 25 °C, 34 °C above the growth inhibition; mushroom temperature is 5 ~ 22 °C, the optimum temperature is 5 ~ 15 °C, suitable for early spring, late autumn cultivation .

1.2 The moisture content of the culture material is required to be about 65% when the hyphae grow. Less than 60% results in the delicate growth of the mycelium; the relative humidity of the air is required to be about 85% in the mushrooming period, and the growth and development of the fruit body is slower than 80%. It is easily discolored and rots in 95% of caps.

1.3 The air mushroom is an aerobic fungus. The mycelium can grow normally in a plastic bag, but the growth stage of the fruit body must ensure that the air is fresh, and no fruit body or fruit body deformity can be formed under anoxic conditions.

1.4 The light mycelium grows normally in the dark, and the growth of the fruiting body must have a certain amount of scattered light. In the complete darkness, the fruiting body can not be formed, but the light is too strong and hinder the normal growth of the fruiting body, and the cap is pale. Lower commodity value.

2 Selection and formulation of culture materials

2.1 The principle of selection of culture materials is local materials. The hardwood sawdust, corn cob, and bean stalk comminuted materials are selected as the main materials in the forest area. The auxiliary materials include bran, soybean powder, bean cake powder, gypsum, lime, and sugar.

2.2 Formula 1 for hardwood, hardwood sawdust 78%, bran 20%, sugar 1%, gypsum 1%; 2 soft Zamu sawdust 50%, corncob 30%, bran 16%, lime 4%; 3 bean straw Powder 50%, corncob 40%, bran 5%, lime 5%; 4 corncobs 47.5%, soybean meal 47.5%, quicklime 5%; 5 main ingredients (corn cobs, sawdust, bean meal powder) control at 95 %, compound fertilizer 2.5%, quicklime 2.5%.

3 Bagging and Inoculation

Select polyethylene tube, diameter of 20 ~ 28cm, cut into 50 ~ 55cm long, according to the mushroom bagging method bagging. Hand bagging should be loaded with 3 layers of material, 4 layers of bacteria, machine-installed bacteria to turn over, with the amount of 15% to 20%, two heads, leaving a 1.5 ~ 2cm vent in the middle, in order to facilitate ventilation. Place the bag in a dry and ventilated place, culture at 25°C under shading conditions, turn it over in the first 3 days, check it at any time, keep the temperature in the bag no more than 28°C, and germination is completed in about 30 days.

4 Production season arrangement and fruiting management

4.1 Production Season Arrangement

4.1.1 Mushrooming in early spring Design the mushrooming period based on the natural climate of each place. Taking Xiaoxing'anling Central Mountainous Area as an example, the fruiting will occur around April 15 and the mushrooming will begin at the beginning of July. Accordingly, the bagging time was at the end of March, the production of the 3rd species and 2nd month was completed, the 2nd species growth time was 20 days, and the growth time of the test tube species was 10 days to reasonably arrange the production.

4.1.2 Late autumn mushrooming is not suitable for the production of greenhouses since the weather conditions in the region after mid-November. Therefore, it should be pushed back for 3 months from November 15 for the mushrooming period. The timing of other processes is based on the mushrooming of early spring. progress.


4.2 Mushroom Management

4.2.1 The principle of establishment of mushroom sheds is to face south, ventilation, moisturizing and water accumulation. The area is about 666.66 square meters, which is generally 1060 meters. Too big is not conducive to management, and too small to increase the cost of building sheds. This kind of shed is different from the winter shed in North China. The function of heat preservation should not be too perfect, and it can have the function of moisturizing and sunshading.

4.2.2 Management of the first tidal mushroom After the bacterium bag of good bacteria enters the shed, the sphagnum fungus is walled in a north-south direction. The sorghum is 4 to 5 stories high. The sidewalk between the septa and the wall is 60 to 80 cm. Humidity: 10 to 15 days. The primordium is generated at both ends of the bag. At this time, the bacterium bag covering the primordium is cut off with a blade to completely expose the bag. (Do not expose the ends of the bag completely. This is not conducive to keeping the bag in the bag. Moisture), as the primordium continues to increase, gradually increase the humidity, 5 to 7 days, until the fruiting body is about to shoot spores before picking.

4.2.3 After the first tide, the management of mushroom production will be performed first, and then 120 cm wide and 40-45 cm deep, naturally long pods will be made in the shed in the north-south direction. Leave a sidewalk between 20 and 30 cm between the pipa and pipa (also has the function of producing marginal effects, but not too wide; otherwise, waste the effective area inside the shed), disinfect the walls and bottom of the ravioli with 5% lime, and spray dichlorvos to kill insects. Then fill the pot with water and wait until the water is completely absorbed by the pot. Immediately remove the bag from the head of the tidal mushroom and place it in the pot. Seal the soil between the bag and the bag. Cover the soil with 2 to 3 cm. According to the amount of 0.2% of the compound fertilizer, spray 1 heavy water, ventilation in the morning and evening, 15 days or so bud. Gradually increase the humidity until the fruiting body is about to shoot the spores. After picking, remove the mushrooms, clean the noodles, reduce the humidity in the greenhouse, and start keeping the bacteria. After 1 week, the management of the lower tide mushroom can be performed, so that 3 to 4 tides can be produced and the biological efficiency (commercialization) can be 100 to 150%.

5 Pest control

5.1 Diseases and Prevention

5.1.1 Trichoderma viride Commonly known as green mold. The mycelium can grow at 8-33°C, its conidia spread in the air, and forms colonies on the moist culture material. The spread was rapid. In the affected wards, the mycelium or fruit body of Mushroom grew poorly, and there was no harvest when serious. Control methods: 1 with 700 times 40% carbendazim dilution spices, the effect is good. 2 In the event of green mold, the culture material should be completely removed.

5.1.2 Cephalosporium sp. In the cultivation of Yuan mushroom, the main hazard is the culture material. In severe cases, the surface of the whole culture material is covered with a layer of chestnut-brown dots. When the humidity is high, it is clearly visible on the surface of the culture material. Under relatively dry conditions, the spores spread into a mist. Control methods: 1 In the early stage of disease, ventilation is strengthened to reduce air humidity and prevent spread. (2) 500 times the incidence of thiophanate-methyl or 700 times carbendazim spray. 3 The diseased culture materials were found to be cleared in time.

5.1.3 Physiological diseases

1 After the occurrence of the coral-like primordium, the fruiting bodies consist of loose and abnormal stipe which make up the uneven fruit body, resembling coral. The main reason: lack of support, lack of light.

2 Fruiting bodies Long stem-like fruit bodies differentiated to form tall mushrooms with long stems, small coverings and unbalanced growth ratio. The main reason: lack of support, small amount of light, high temperature.

3 After the normal differentiation of the mushrooms, atrophy-like mushrooms gradually stopped growing, and some shrivelled to death and some rotted. Cause: Ventilation is not good and humidity is not properly controlled.

5.2 Insect Pests and Prevention

5.2.1 Mushrooms Mushrooms Mushrooms are the main pests of Mushroom. Larvae like to harm the primordia and the buds of the fruiting bodies, and they are also harmful in the pleats. It first harms the base of the fruiting body and eats the stipe as a sponge and also eats hyphae. In large numbers, all mycelium in the mushroom house is consumed. Prevention methods: mushroom room ventilation holes and the installation of screens at the entrance; insects found in mushroom house should be eliminated in time to avoid the spread. Should be sprayed after picking, to spray 1,000 times more effective trichlorfon liquid.

5.2.2 The length of the nematode body is about 1 mm, and breeding rapidly. After the culture material of the Yuan mushroom is compromised, the mycelium becomes a loose state, the damaged fruit body changes color, and the fruit body surface is in a shrinking state. Control methods: 1 selection of non-insectable mushrooms as bacteria; 2 with hot water immersion, nematodes in 50 °C hot water, 10 minutes to be killed.

5.2,3 Collembola is a species of insects with a tail, densely resembling soot, also known as larvae. Collembola often occurs on the culture materials, often intensively on the surface of the mushroom bed or in the dark and moist place, biting the fruit bodies of the element mushrooms, causing small holes, and carrying and disseminating the bacteria. This worm breeds quickly. Control methods: spread tobacco ash on the bed; spray 1,000 times the dichlorvos aqueous solution before trapping or mushrooming.

5.2.4 Mollusks are mollusks that lurk in dark, damp places during the day and come out at night to feed on the fruit bodies of the yuan mushrooms. Control methods: Infested areas can be sprayed with 1% salt water spray, and can be manually captured at night, and can also be made by adding 2% calcium arsenate or aluminum arsenate by rice bran.

Yuan mushroom plastic greenhouse cultivation, as long as the selection of high-quality strains, reasonable materials and formulations, combined with the late mushroom management, especially after the management of excessive tide mushroom, strengthen the prevention and control of pests and diseases, timely harvest, will be harvested . It is believed that the popularization and application of this cultivation technology will accelerate the scale and commercialization of Yuan mushroom production.


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