Beans, commonly referred to as green beans, kidney beans, and soybeans, come in a wide variety of types. One particularly promising low-growing variety has gained attention for its unique advantages. This type doesn't require staking during cultivation, which significantly reduces labor costs and makes it easier to manage. It exhibits strong growth, is easy to cultivate, and produces higher yields compared to similar varieties. Most notably, it can be harvested approximately 58 days after sowing. Below are the key points on cultivating this popular Taiwanese variety.
Soil selection plays a crucial role in successful bean cultivation. The ideal soil should have a thick layer of sandy loam, be loose, and rich in organic matter. It should also be slightly acidic with a pH above 5.5, and not have been used for legume crops in the past two years. If the soil pH is below 5.5, lime should be applied to adjust it. After deep plowing, apply 1,500 kilograms of organic fertilizer and mixed soil fertilizer per acre, along with 30-50 kg of phosphate fertilizer, 10 kg of compound fertilizer, and 15 kg of potash. Mix everything thoroughly and prepare raised beds that are 1.8-2.0 meters wide, 20-25 cm high, and 30 cm deep. Sow the seeds after a day or two of sun exposure to ensure optimal germination.
The best time to sow beans depends on the season. In many regions, two planting periods are possible: autumn sowing from mid-July to early August, and spring sowing from late February to early April. The timing should avoid frost periods and hot summer blooms. As a thermophilic plant, beans thrive best at temperatures between 13-25°C, with 20°C being ideal. Flowering and pod development occur best between 15-25°C. When daytime temperatures drop below 13°C and nighttime temperatures fall to 8°C, growth almost stops. At 18°C, flowering and harvesting may be delayed if night temperatures remain at 13°C. Prolonged cold weather during flowering can reduce seed count and pod size. On the other hand, higher temperatures accelerate growth, increase flower bud formation, and lead to earlier flowering. However, temperatures above 30°C can cause flowers to drop, reducing overall yield. Spring-sown beans are especially sensitive to repeated cold spells or heavy rain, which can lead to poor germination and seedling death. Using plastic mulch is recommended in such conditions.
Before sowing, seeds can be treated to prevent diseases. Soaking them in thiophanate-methyl diluted 500-1000 times for 15 minutes helps prevent seedling gray mold. Alternatively, soaking in 1% formalin for 20 minutes can reduce anthracnose. After rinsing, the seeds can be sown. Another option is to use 0.3% seed dressing before planting. Plant spacing should be 30-35 cm apart, with 1-2 seeds per hill. The seeding rate is about 2 kg per mu. The soil should not be too deep when sowing, as this can hinder seedling emergence. Watering should be done based on soil moisture—once or twice if dry. The optimal germination temperature is 18-28°C, with germination occurring within 3-4 days. If temperatures are lower, germination takes longer, but must not drop below 15°C. It's advisable to pre-germinate seeds for 2-3 days before sowing to ensure uniform sprouting and avoid rotting in cold conditions.
Water and fertilizer management are essential for healthy growth. Beans require adequate moisture, but overwatering can lead to yellowing of lower leaves or even plant death. Therefore, timely irrigation or drainage is necessary depending on the situation. Fertilizer needs increase significantly during flowering and pod formation. Nitrogen application promotes growth and increases flowering, but excessive nitrogen can lead to elongated stems and leafy growth, resulting in flower drop. Top dressing should be based on the plant’s growth stage. Typically, after the second pair of true leaves appear, apply 10% manure or 3-5 kg of urea. Once the plants start growing, apply compound fertilizer again. After watering, provide another round of water and apply 6-9 kg of fertilizer per acre to control nitrogen levels. During spring, limit irrigation to prevent cold stress. Apply compound fertilizer twice during flowering, each time 12-15 kg.
Flower bud differentiation begins around 20-25 days after sowing, but actual flowering usually occurs 35-40 days later, once the accumulated temperature reaches 700-800 degrees Celsius. The flowering period typically lasts 12-19 days (up to 25-44 days for some species). To promote flowering, apply 1500 times diluted flower-promoting solution or 5-25 mg/L gibberellin spray before flowering. During the flowering period, spraying with 5-25 mg/L naphthalene acetic acid or 0.3% potassium dihydrogen phosphate can help reduce flower drop.
Harvesting should occur 10-15 days after flowering, depending on temperature. When pods become flat and round, turning from bright green to light green with a shiny appearance, they are ready for harvest. Dwarf beans typically take 50-55 days (55-65 days for spring sowing) from sowing to harvest, with an average yield of about 1,000 kg per mu.
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