In recent years, some water-culture-cultivated producers have succeeded in using watermelon cultivation techniques to cultivate watermelons. However, due to the poor growth and infection of watermelon roots in the nutrient solution during water culture, the plants grow poorly. Since 1998, the author has used organic soilless cultivation methods. After more than three years of production trials, it is considered that this method is feasible for producing high-end and small-fruit watermelons.
I. Cultivation trough and cultivation matrix (1) Cultivation trough 1. Simple cultivation trough made of bricks, the length of which depends on the specific conditions of the greenhouse, generally no more than 20 meters, trough width 90 cm, height 18 cm, trough walkway 90 cm. The bottom of the tank is covered with a 0.1 mm thick polyethylene film isolated from the ground.
2. Utilization of hydroponic tanks In soilless culture techniques, the technical requirements for hydroponic culture are relatively high, especially the manure management techniques are more difficult. Therefore, organic cultivation can be performed directly using a hydroponic cultivation tank, and the substrate can be filled into a cultivation tank and a drip irrigation belt can be provided.
(B) The cultivation substrate for the cultivation of matrix formula coconut cocoon and river sand, according to a volume ratio of 1:1 mixing, sand size 0.2-0.4 cm is better. If sea sand is used, it must be rinsed with fresh water several times before it can be used. When the matrix is ​​mixed, add 12 kg of chicken manure commodity organic fertilizer (containing 20% ​​of organic matter, 8.8% of total nitrogen, 3.5% of total phosphorus, and 7.2% of total potassium) per cubic meter, and mix various trace elements, and then fill in the cultivation tank after mixing. in.
(3) Two drip irrigation belts shall be placed parallel to each cultivation tank of the water supply system. The drip irrigation belt shall have a diameter of 15 mm and the outlet shall be separated by 50 cm. Each greenhouse is equipped with an independent water supply system and pressurized water pump so that the outlet of each drip irrigation belt outlet can be evenly distributed, and a filtering device can be installed to prevent the water outlet from being blocked.
Second, watermelon cultivation techniques (a) selection of varieties to choose a beautiful appearance, good taste, characteristics, high sugar content, short growth period of small fruit varieties, such as gold beauty, black beauty and so on.
(2) The arrangement of sowing seedlings for sowing can be determined according to the specific conditions of the cultivation purpose, climatic conditions, etc. Guangdong Pearl River Delta region can be sown in January and September of each year.
(III) Cultivation and management 1. Colonization When the seedlings are 3-4 pieces of true leaves, they can be planted. Before the planting, the substrate is drenched with water. Each row is planted with 2 rows. The row spacing is 70 cm and the spacing is 50 cm. The position of each planting should be close to the outlet of the drip irrigation belt, and the rooting process should be avoided.
2. Fertilizer and Water Management In order to make the watermelon grow well in the early stage, top dressing should be carried out 7 days after planting, and 0.1 kg of urea and compound fertilizer per cubic meter. Twenty days after colonization, 4 kg of peanut bran was added per cubic meter (including 6.32% of total nitrogen, 1.17% of total phosphorus, and 1.34% of total potassium). This organic fertilizer can basically meet the needs of the entire growth period of watermelon, after which a small amount of quick-effect fertilizer can be applied according to the growth of the melon seedlings. In addition, since commodity organic fertilizer and peanut bran contain elements such as calcium, magnesium, iron, manganese, copper, zinc, molybdenum, boron, etc., it is not necessary to supplement fertilizers of the above elements. If the eggs are large, they should be topdressed once, and 0.3 kg of potassium sulfate compound fertilizer should be applied per cubic meter. In combination with disease prevention, 0.1% urea and 0.2% potassium dihydrogen phosphate can be sprayed, and sprayed once every 5 days for 3 times. .
The management of water should be based on the growth of the plant and the climatic conditions. When the plants are small, the temperature is low, and the water can be dripped once every 2-3 days. The plants grow vigorously and the temperature is high. Especially when the fruit enlargement requires a large amount of water, it must be watered every day; the water must be controlled later and the water must be poured before harvesting. Water, otherwise it will reduce the sugar content of fruits and affect the quality.
3, hanging vines and pruning When the melon seedlings about 10, you can use nylon rope or plastic rope to fix the main vine, lead the vine to grow. The pollination of small fruit watermelons should be performed on the female flowers of the main vines 16-25. The pruning is suitable for double-vine pruning. When the height of the plant is 30 centimeters, in addition to the main vine, 1 vine is left, and the rest is removed. The main vine is only 1 melon and the other side vine is used as a vegetative branch. Above the knot stage, leave 4-5 leaves to pick
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I. Cultivation trough and cultivation matrix (1) Cultivation trough 1. Simple cultivation trough made of bricks, the length of which depends on the specific conditions of the greenhouse, generally no more than 20 meters, trough width 90 cm, height 18 cm, trough walkway 90 cm. The bottom of the tank is covered with a 0.1 mm thick polyethylene film isolated from the ground.
2. Utilization of hydroponic tanks In soilless culture techniques, the technical requirements for hydroponic culture are relatively high, especially the manure management techniques are more difficult. Therefore, organic cultivation can be performed directly using a hydroponic cultivation tank, and the substrate can be filled into a cultivation tank and a drip irrigation belt can be provided.
(B) The cultivation substrate for the cultivation of matrix formula coconut cocoon and river sand, according to a volume ratio of 1:1 mixing, sand size 0.2-0.4 cm is better. If sea sand is used, it must be rinsed with fresh water several times before it can be used. When the matrix is ​​mixed, add 12 kg of chicken manure commodity organic fertilizer (containing 20% ​​of organic matter, 8.8% of total nitrogen, 3.5% of total phosphorus, and 7.2% of total potassium) per cubic meter, and mix various trace elements, and then fill in the cultivation tank after mixing. in.
(3) Two drip irrigation belts shall be placed parallel to each cultivation tank of the water supply system. The drip irrigation belt shall have a diameter of 15 mm and the outlet shall be separated by 50 cm. Each greenhouse is equipped with an independent water supply system and pressurized water pump so that the outlet of each drip irrigation belt outlet can be evenly distributed, and a filtering device can be installed to prevent the water outlet from being blocked.
Second, watermelon cultivation techniques (a) selection of varieties to choose a beautiful appearance, good taste, characteristics, high sugar content, short growth period of small fruit varieties, such as gold beauty, black beauty and so on.
(2) The arrangement of sowing seedlings for sowing can be determined according to the specific conditions of the cultivation purpose, climatic conditions, etc. Guangdong Pearl River Delta region can be sown in January and September of each year.
(III) Cultivation and management 1. Colonization When the seedlings are 3-4 pieces of true leaves, they can be planted. Before the planting, the substrate is drenched with water. Each row is planted with 2 rows. The row spacing is 70 cm and the spacing is 50 cm. The position of each planting should be close to the outlet of the drip irrigation belt, and the rooting process should be avoided.
2. Fertilizer and Water Management In order to make the watermelon grow well in the early stage, top dressing should be carried out 7 days after planting, and 0.1 kg of urea and compound fertilizer per cubic meter. Twenty days after colonization, 4 kg of peanut bran was added per cubic meter (including 6.32% of total nitrogen, 1.17% of total phosphorus, and 1.34% of total potassium). This organic fertilizer can basically meet the needs of the entire growth period of watermelon, after which a small amount of quick-effect fertilizer can be applied according to the growth of the melon seedlings. In addition, since commodity organic fertilizer and peanut bran contain elements such as calcium, magnesium, iron, manganese, copper, zinc, molybdenum, boron, etc., it is not necessary to supplement fertilizers of the above elements. If the eggs are large, they should be topdressed once, and 0.3 kg of potassium sulfate compound fertilizer should be applied per cubic meter. In combination with disease prevention, 0.1% urea and 0.2% potassium dihydrogen phosphate can be sprayed, and sprayed once every 5 days for 3 times. .
The management of water should be based on the growth of the plant and the climatic conditions. When the plants are small, the temperature is low, and the water can be dripped once every 2-3 days. The plants grow vigorously and the temperature is high. Especially when the fruit enlargement requires a large amount of water, it must be watered every day; the water must be controlled later and the water must be poured before harvesting. Water, otherwise it will reduce the sugar content of fruits and affect the quality.
3, hanging vines and pruning When the melon seedlings about 10, you can use nylon rope or plastic rope to fix the main vine, lead the vine to grow. The pollination of small fruit watermelons should be performed on the female flowers of the main vines 16-25. The pruning is suitable for double-vine pruning. When the height of the plant is 30 centimeters, in addition to the main vine, 1 vine is left, and the rest is removed. The main vine is only 1 melon and the other side vine is used as a vegetative branch. Above the knot stage, leave 4-5 leaves to pick
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