Due to the recent rising food prices, the state subsidies for grain farmers are in place, and farmers are very hopeful that this year's wheat will have a good harvest. In the face of the drought in the winter, the flood-fighting and seedling upsurge is set in various places. How important is the management of wheat in spring? How to ensure scientific fertilization and scientific watering? The reporter recently interviewed Chen Xiaogeng, a senior agronomist from Hejin City, Shanxi Province.
The reporter asked: Whether wheat can be fertilized and watered depends on whether it is planted or harvested. How important is water and fertilizer management during the whole wheat growing season in spring?
Chen Xiaogeng said that spring is an important period for the growth and development of wheat, which is a period of significant increase in demand for water and fertilizer. In this period, the supply of water and fertilizer in the wheat field not only directly affects the level of spike rate of wheat tillers, but also affects the number of grains per spike. After spring, wheat will gradually enter greenback, stand up and jointing stage from south to north. It is a crucial period for the transformation of the three factors of the transformation of the seedlings and the formation of production. The effective time is only about 20 days, and the agricultural time is very urgent. Generally, wheat grows in the spring and returns to spring. In the jointing stage, it divides into two poles, the big pupa forms the ear, and the small locust dies. Therefore, during the period from green to jointing, it is to promote the weak seedlings to upgrade and catch the team, and to control the seedlings to turn strong seedlings and achieve strong growth. The most important period for seedlings to grow steadily.
So, where are the key points in the management of wheat in spring water and fertilizer?
Chen Xiaogeng said with a smile, isn't there two proverbs? "There is no income in the water, and the income is less in the fertilizer", "a crop of flowers, relying on the fertilizer headed." Scientific management of water and fertilizer should be the main battlefield for drought and wheat maintenance. Fertilizer has a coupling effect. Waterless, there is no use of fertilizer. Generally take the top fertilizer after watering. It is only when wheat is allowed to drink “thirst-quenching water†in time when it is dry and when it is hungry, “when it is solvedâ€, wheat growth will not be affected. After turning green, wheat is very sensitive to nitrogen nutrition, which is called the critical period of nitrogen nutrition. At this time, too much or too little nitrogen supply makes it difficult to obtain high yields. Jointing to the booting stage is the peak period for wheat to absorb nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium fertilizers. It is the most important technical measure and material basis for resisting drought, protecting seedlings and harvesting for the drought, because of the appropriate seedlings, timely watering and topdressing, and meeting the needs of wheat for water and nutrients. Wheat seedlings are “thirsty and hungry†and are easily “added in yellow robesâ€, which is difficult to grow and develop healthily. Therefore, this year's drought-resistant wheat should be centered on the management of fertilizer and water, and should do everything possible to increase the area of ​​water-based dressing. All localities must actively organize the activities of “multiple watering with one step, multiple application of ten pounds of fertilizer, and production of more than one hundred kilograms of grain†in an effort to reduce production in severe drought areas, reduce production in light and dry areas, and increase production in non-arid areas, and achieve a good summer food this year. harvest.
Since wheat's spring fertilizer and water management is so important, how does the specific operation proceed?
Chen Xiaogeng was very specific about this issue. He emphasized that the order of top dressing and watering in the spring should be determined by the severity of the drought and the quality of the seedlings. In principle, the wheat fields with heavy drought and weak seedlings must be managed first. Generally, three kinds of wheat are firstly managed, then two kinds of wheat are managed, and finally, one kind of wheat is controlled. In the three types of wheat fields, especially in late-seeding weak seedlings and wheat fields with insufficient base fertilizer or lack of leaf-yellow-yielding fertilizers, in the early spring wheat returning stage, a spring (one kilogram of ammonium diammonium phosphate per mu) is applied and water is poured. Water, topdressing, in principle, requires lack of supplements, lack of much to make up, promote root growth, and increase tillers; during the jointing stage, Shichun Second Fertilizer (Mu urea 7.5~10 kg) and irrigation of spring water, promote the delivery of more Spike, fight for enough spikes, and promote weak seedlings to turn strong seedlings. The second type of wheat field (currently 450,000 to 600,000 per mu, and 250 to 350 kg per year per mu) in the returning green period of wheat, the slash and loose soil promote seedlings; in the wheat growing period, topdressing (10 mu per mu) is watered. Robust childbirth, improve the spike rate. A type of wheat field, that is, a group of suitable strong seedlings, should be controlled to promote integration, return to green to get up, more suppression, more cultivator, and promote seedling growth; in the beginning of jointing, topdressing (mu urea 7.5 to 15 kg) watering, Stable panicle number, strive for more large panicles. Wang Miao wheat field, timely deep cultivator, top-dressing watering should be postponed until the jointing period, Wang Miao control, transfer strong seedlings. The flag-raising period is the critical period of wheat water demand, and all types of wheat fields should ensure sufficient water supply during the flag-shoot period. After the watering, timely cultivator should break the board and keep it. In the spring, the cultivator should not be too late. It should not be too deep and should not be thick. It should not be too lazy. It should be harvested after rain and irrigation.
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