(I) Advantages of machine throwing Mechanical throwing rice is more efficient than hand-throwing, which can further reduce the labor intensity of farmer's farming and is very popular. At present, it has become an important part of the unified service of rice cultivation in the rice region, especially in the more economically developed regions. Large rice farmers also have their own purchase and application of a throwing machine. According to comparison tests, the 2ZPY-C rice throwing machine has a net throwing rate of 0.67 to 1 hectare per hour, a throw of 6 to 8 meters, a thrown height of 2 meters, and a throw distance of 4 to 6 meters. Its main advantages are as follows: 1 The average number of workers per tractor is 8.7. The average daily throwing plant is 3.43 hectares, equivalent to 0.39 hectares per person per day. This is 2.15 times that of artificial seedlings; The proportion of erect seedlings is high. After abandoning the examination results, the coefficient of variation of the average number of seedlings per square meter was small, with 12.8% of the seedlings lying flat, which was 4.4 percentage points lower than hand throws; the average output per hectare of the machine farm was 7.17ç ˜, which was 3.42% higher than the hand thrown control. , Compared with hand-planting increased 9.9%.
(b) The general cultivation and Honda management techniques of machine-throwing and abortion seedlings are basically the same as hand-raising. However, in order to improve the quality of machine throwing, it is necessary to cooperate with the following technologies.
First, select new varieties (combinations) of high-quality, high-yielding early- and late-season rice varieties with thick stalks, lodging resistance, moderate tillering ability, and moderate ripening period.
Second, seedlings should be short-lived, short, strong, that is, the best leaf age is 3.5 to 4.5 leaves, not more than 5.5 leaves, the most suitable seedling height is 8 to 12 centimeters, no more than 15 centimeters.
Thirdly, according to the weather conditions and the degree of drying and wetness of the mud, it is flexible to decide when to start the demolition. That is, when the hole mud moisture is moderate or the hole silt is strong, the soil can be thrown after planting; if there is dew, it is advisable to wait for the dew to dry out; if the mud is too wet, it can be uncovered on sunny days. Sun seedlings, re-emergence 秧 throwing planting; cloudy days can be uncovered on the day before throwing planting, placed on the original sampan board drain, or on the day of throwing planting rake dry. After the start of the machine, the machine was loaded and transported and fed in batches.
Fourthly, when the machine is thrown, one machine is equipped with 8 to 12 persons, including 1 machine operator and 2 feeding pickers on the machine. One day can cast 3.33 to 4.67 hectares of Honda. The machine throws a slow-moving gear and advances at a constant speed. According to the amplitude of the two sides of the machine, determine the mechanical walking route, to ensure that the seedlings between the throwing is uniform and the density is normal. The feeding speed of the two feeding hands must match the speed of the mechanical walking. When the machine was near the field, the feeding man tried to stop the seedlings on the side to prevent the seedlings from being thrown out of the field. According to the length of the plot, the number of rafts for each raft is fully available on the plane. Twice as far as possible. In the process of speeding up and turning, there are still some corners and sections where the density is not uniform, rough and lack of seedlings, and 10% to 15% of seedlings should be left to be manually filled. Within 3 to 4 days after throwing, remove the seedlings in the operation trench and, if appropriate, homogenize the seedlings and remove the defoliants.
(C) machine throwing operation technology In addition to doing a good job before the inspection of the machine, the machine is best to choose to throw in the cloudy sunny day. When it encounters windy weather, the machine direction should be parallel to the wind direction, and it seems that it will not affect the uniformity of shot-shooting. When throwing the machine into the field, it is necessary to root the shape of the field, select the appropriate route, and avoid leakage, repeated throws, or throwing out of the field. Generally, 30-40 trays can be mounted at one time, and the walking distance is about 60 meters. Walking should be based on the convenience of installation, choose horizontal or vertical shuttle operations. In order to make the casting uniform and meet the plan density requirements, the feeder hand should skillfully grasp the number of seedlings and feed technology. In general, 500,000 to 600,000 holes are thrown per hectare. When the machine is hung on a 10 cm block, it needs to feed 125 holes per second to seedlings. When it hangs a 12 cm block, it needs to feed 150 holes every second.
(b) The general cultivation and Honda management techniques of machine-throwing and abortion seedlings are basically the same as hand-raising. However, in order to improve the quality of machine throwing, it is necessary to cooperate with the following technologies.
First, select new varieties (combinations) of high-quality, high-yielding early- and late-season rice varieties with thick stalks, lodging resistance, moderate tillering ability, and moderate ripening period.
Second, seedlings should be short-lived, short, strong, that is, the best leaf age is 3.5 to 4.5 leaves, not more than 5.5 leaves, the most suitable seedling height is 8 to 12 centimeters, no more than 15 centimeters.
Thirdly, according to the weather conditions and the degree of drying and wetness of the mud, it is flexible to decide when to start the demolition. That is, when the hole mud moisture is moderate or the hole silt is strong, the soil can be thrown after planting; if there is dew, it is advisable to wait for the dew to dry out; if the mud is too wet, it can be uncovered on sunny days. Sun seedlings, re-emergence 秧 throwing planting; cloudy days can be uncovered on the day before throwing planting, placed on the original sampan board drain, or on the day of throwing planting rake dry. After the start of the machine, the machine was loaded and transported and fed in batches.
Fourthly, when the machine is thrown, one machine is equipped with 8 to 12 persons, including 1 machine operator and 2 feeding pickers on the machine. One day can cast 3.33 to 4.67 hectares of Honda. The machine throws a slow-moving gear and advances at a constant speed. According to the amplitude of the two sides of the machine, determine the mechanical walking route, to ensure that the seedlings between the throwing is uniform and the density is normal. The feeding speed of the two feeding hands must match the speed of the mechanical walking. When the machine was near the field, the feeding man tried to stop the seedlings on the side to prevent the seedlings from being thrown out of the field. According to the length of the plot, the number of rafts for each raft is fully available on the plane. Twice as far as possible. In the process of speeding up and turning, there are still some corners and sections where the density is not uniform, rough and lack of seedlings, and 10% to 15% of seedlings should be left to be manually filled. Within 3 to 4 days after throwing, remove the seedlings in the operation trench and, if appropriate, homogenize the seedlings and remove the defoliants.
(C) machine throwing operation technology In addition to doing a good job before the inspection of the machine, the machine is best to choose to throw in the cloudy sunny day. When it encounters windy weather, the machine direction should be parallel to the wind direction, and it seems that it will not affect the uniformity of shot-shooting. When throwing the machine into the field, it is necessary to root the shape of the field, select the appropriate route, and avoid leakage, repeated throws, or throwing out of the field. Generally, 30-40 trays can be mounted at one time, and the walking distance is about 60 meters. Walking should be based on the convenience of installation, choose horizontal or vertical shuttle operations. In order to make the casting uniform and meet the plan density requirements, the feeder hand should skillfully grasp the number of seedlings and feed technology. In general, 500,000 to 600,000 holes are thrown per hectare. When the machine is hung on a 10 cm block, it needs to feed 125 holes per second to seedlings. When it hangs a 12 cm block, it needs to feed 150 holes every second.
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