1 The introduction of small cage fish culture technology and promotion of small cage fish culture technology is the small-scale high-density cage fish culture technology, which was introduced into the country by the United States in 1991. In the summer of 1994, Dr. Smith, aquaculture expert at Auburn University in the United States, organized the first training workshop on fish culture technology for small cages in our province. Since then, the technology has been gradually promoted in our province. Huangshan, Anqing, Maanshan, Hefei, and Chongqing The cities of Huainan and Lu'an have a certain scale of cultivation. According to incomplete statistics, in 1999, the province's promotion of breeding reached 15,000 cubic meters. 2 Characteristics and advantages of small cage fish culture The main differences between small cage fish culture and traditional cage fish farming are: First, the small size, the traditional cage area is generally tens of square meters, about 2 meters deep, and the volume is small. Ten to one, two hundred cubic meters, and small cages are usually 1-4 cubic meters. Second, small cage fish species have high density and high yields. Third, small cages of fish farming rely entirely on artificial feeding of full-priced pellet feeds. According to market demand, they can choose to breed high-quality varieties that are marketable. Small cage fish farming has many advantages in production: First, because of its small size, it can adapt to various water area settings. It can be set in a reservoir, but it can also be set in lakes and rivers. It can also be placed in a large area with water. Deeper in the pond. Second, due to the high yield of small cages, which are set in large water surfaces, the combination of small cage intensive culture and large water surface proliferation can quickly increase the total output and yield of large and medium-sized waters. Third, the small cages are easy to produce, the production and operation are simple, and the culture technology is easy for the masses to master. It is very suitable for one family business. 3 Materials, manufacturing methods and settings for small cages 3.1 The cages need materials. Mainly include polyethylene mesh, reinforced frame, bamboo, iron wire, cable, shading cloth, feed pipe and so on. Polyethylene mesh is the main material for the production of small cages. Generally, the mesh size is 33-34, and the mesh size is 2-3 cm. In addition, the bottom of the box needs to be covered with a dense mesh to prevent feed loss. Bar diameter 0.8-1 cm, according to the required size of the box welded into a rectangular or rectangular frame, its role can make the cage open as a whole, while avoiding cage float, so that the cage to maintain maximum capacity. Bamboo diameter 8-10 cm, according to the size of the cage area determined length, tied into a box, tied to the mouth of the cage. Due to the hollow of the bamboo, the buoyancy is large and it mainly acts as a float. In addition, the feed tube is usually made of bamboo, the length of which is equal to the depth of the cage, but it is necessary to open the middle bamboo. Iron wire and cable play a reinforcing role. Blackout cloth can use general waterproof cloth, requiring black and durable. The area is equivalent to the area of ​​the cage. 3.2 The production of cages. Welded steel frame is welded first, and the mesh is tightened and fixed outside the frame to form a fully-enclosed hexahedral cage. A layer of dense mesh is added to the bottom of the box, which is 10 cm above the bottom of the box. The box is topped with a bamboo frame, and a feed tube is set straight in the middle of the cage. The lower end of the tube is 10-15 cm away from the bottom of the box, and then the shade cloth is covered. 3.3 Small cage settings. Requires good water quality, open area, large and medium-sized reservoirs, water areas with a certain micro-flowing water is ideal. Cage culture areas must avoid waterways, flood sluice gates, and flood inlets that may be flooded in summer. The small cages should be arranged in a “1†shape, with the direction perpendicular to the direction of the microfluid in the water, facilitating the exchange of water within the tank. The distance between each column is not less than 20 meters, and the distance between each box should be more than 2 meters. The box and the box are connected by wire or steel wire, and the two ends are fixed on the shore or fixed with iron anchors and large stones. 4 Varieties, specifications, density and delivery time of small cage culture 4.1 Cultured species. At present, the species that can be cultured in small cages are mainly squid, tilapia, channeled fish tail fish, squid, scorpion fish, grass carp, etc., and can be flexibly selected according to the local market demand, the source of seedlings and other factors. Breed suitable varieties. 4.2 Specifications. The small size of fish species is not conducive to feed production and feeding, but also affect the market for commercial fish. Therefore, fish species are generally required to be between 50 and 75 g/tail, while squid and head lice may be smaller, but should not be less than 30 g per tail. 4.3 Drop density. The suitable yield per unit of small cage culture of salmon, tilapia, etc. is about 150-200 kg per cubic meter, and the density of carp is 80-100 kg, and the density per cubic meter of fish is 300-400. Fish species must be the same size. 4.4 fish species launch time. Carp, squid, head maggots, etc. can generally be released when the water temperature is stable at 12-15°C, and tilapia and other tropical species should be suitable for fish species when the water temperature is stable at 20°C. It is worth noting that about 10 days before the fish species are put into the tank, the cage should be put into the water to make some net algae on the net to form a biofilm, which can reduce the abrasion of the fish and avoid illness. Fish species are robust, and they must be bathed with 3%-4% saline or 8-10 mg/L malachite green solution for 10-15 minutes to prevent fish disease. 5 feed and feed 5.1 feed. Requirements of comprehensive and reasonable nutrition, protein content of tilapia generally 28% -32%, 30-36% of carp feed, grass carp feed 28% -30%, and amino acids to balance. The particle size of the feed should be compatible with the size of the fish, such as 50-75 g in weight, 2 mm in diameter, 75-150 g in body weight, 3-4 mm in diameter, 150 g or more in weight, and 4-5 mm in particle size. The feed must have a certain stability in water and require 10 minutes. 5.2 Feeding requirements. The fish can be fed the next day. The amount of feed should be determined according to the size of the fish and the water temperature. The water temperature is below 20°C, the fish body weight is between 50-500 grams, the daily feeding amount is 2.5%-1%; at 21-25°C, the daily feeding amount is 3.5%-1.5%; 25-30°C, daily feeding The amount is 5%-2%. With the increase of fish, 10-15 days to sample growth analysis, adjust the amount of feed. Feed should be concentrated in the feed pipe. When the water temperature is low, feed it 1-2 times a day, 8-9 am, and feed it at 2-3 pm. When the water temperature is high, feed it 3-4 times a day, and feed it at 8-9 am, 11-12 o'clock, 2-3 o'clock and 5-6 o'clock in the morning. 6 The daily management should be managed by a special person. Generally, one person can manage 20-25 small cages of 1 cubic meter or 15 to 20 cages of 2-4 cubic meters. Daily observation of fish feeding and activities, regular inspections of growth, found that food, dead fish, abnormal growth should be identified in a timely manner, and take improvement measures. It is necessary to strengthen safety awareness and earnestly do a good job of the "four defenses," namely, flood control shocks, fish net escape prevention, anti-theft and disease prevention work. Normally do a good job in production records, detail the time, quantity, weight, specifications, feed usage, weather changes, species and dosage of disinfection and disease prevention and treatment of each box of fish, the final output, specifications and other raw materials, to facilitate the end of production Summarize experience and perform costing.
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Fluorine-Containing Benzoic Acid
Containing Benzoic Acid,2,3-Difluorobenzoic Acid,Methoxybenzoic Acid
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