Yongji apricot tree has a long history and a wide variety of varieties. It is the largest apricot tree base in southern Shanxi and North China. It is famous for its early maturity, excellent price and good quality. Its products are exported to large and medium-sized cities in Beijing, Inner Mongolia, Hebei, and our province. Fruit products have always shown a good trend of supply exceeding demand. After joining the WTO, facing the challenges and opportunities of the international market, the production of pollution-free and pollution-free green fruits has become the current trend of fruit production. The production of green fruits must strictly follow the green standards of the Ministry of Agriculture. In the production process, it can't be polluted by the environment and other factors to ensure the safety of the fruit. Therefore, the production of green fruits is imperative. This article puts forward production technical requirements for the production of special early apricot green fruits.
First, the green fruit special early apricot on the ecological environment requirements
1. Park site selection: Green fruit production base should have a good ecological environment. Therefore, in the selection of the site, we should choose fresh air, pure water, unpolluted soil environment, try to stay away from industrial areas and traffic arteries, or choose In the upwind outlets of cities, industrial areas, and traffic arteries, surface water and groundwater quality are also required to be pollution-free, soil element content is appropriate, soil structure is good, and the soil should have high fertility.
2. Environmental quality standards: Environmental pollution mainly refers to the source of atmospheric, water quality, soil and other conditions of pollution. The air quality standards should adopt the first-level standards listed in the national air quality standard GB3095--B2, especially for sulfur dioxide, nitrogen oxides, and total suspended particulates, and the water quality should meet GB--5084--92 farmland irrigation. The water quality standards shall be less than one ten-millionth of the heavy metal ions such as mercury, lead, cadmium, chromium, arsenic, chloride, and fluoride. The heavy metals and harmful salts in the soil shall be based on the soil type and the depth of the soil. Limited standards.
3. Control the pollution of production links: At present, China classifies green foods into AA grades and A grades. The former must not use any chemically synthesized pesticides and fertilizers in the production process, while the latter allows limited use of prescribed chemical pesticides and fertilizers. Currently, AA is developed. Level is more difficult, A-level is more suitable for national conditions.
3.1 Comprehensive prevention and treatment of special premature apricots: The occurrence of pests and diseases in the production of apricot trees is unavoidable. In order not to cause pollution to the environment and fruits and maintain the balance of the agricultural ecosystem, it is necessary to minimize the use of chemical pesticides, allowing the use of plant pesticides and biological pesticides, microbial pesticides, the use of highly toxic, highly toxic, high residue or carcinogenic, teratogenic And mutagenic pesticides. If production is necessary, the production base is allowed to use a limited amount of organic synthetic chemical pesticides, but it must be strictly followed in accordance with pesticide use procedures and methods of use.
3.2 Reasonable fertilization: The main fertilizers used in the production of green fruits are farmyard fertilizers, and the ones are non-chemical synthetic commercial fertilizers. The use of fertilizers in production is incorrect. The time of application and the method of fertilization are different.
Inevitably causing pollution to the soil, air, and water, the large use of nitrate nitrogen fertilizer can increase the nitrate content in the soil, resulting in an increase in nitrate content in the fruit, adversely affecting the quality of the fruit, and reducing the quality of the fruit. To this end, it is strongly recommended that more organic manure be used, formula fertilization should be used, micronutrient fertilizers must be added, and nitrogen fertilizers must not be used in excess. For fertilizers that are allowed to be used in limited quantities, such as urea, potassium sulfate, and potassium dihydrogen phosphate, special fertilizers should be Organic fertilizers and microbial fertilizers are used in combination, and the ratio of organic nitrogen to inorganic nitrogen is 1:1. When used as top dressing, it should be stopped 30 days before fruit picking.
Second, green fruit special early apricot production technology
1. Select high-quality strong seedlings, seedlings should try to use the root system integrity, thick branches, shiny skin, buds full and full, height 100cm, 1.2cm thickness, no quarantine pests as cultivation objects.
2. The special early-ripening apricot varieties with anti-frozen and high-yield production are planted with gold sun, red feng, new century and Qinwang apricot.
3. Rational allocation of pollination tree, new varieties of antifreeze and high yield have a certain ability of self-pollination, but the effect of cross-pollination is better, and the proportion of pollination trees is 4- to 5:1.
4. Density and tree shape, the planting density of special early-ripening apricots is 3m for every 667m2 (4-50m mu for 44--55 plants, 2m for dense planting plants (3--4m, per 667m2 planting) 83--111 strains.The shape of the tree is selected from the shape of "V" shape.
5. Planting, digging large pits and planting, pits generally 60cm deep, 80cm wide, apply base fertilizer before planting, 667m2 apply decomposed organic fertilizer 3000--5000kg, about 50kg of compound fertilizer, fertilizer and topsoil mix, backfill When planting, contact with the roots of nursery stocks and fertilizers is forbidden. Before the planting, water is allowed to swell, and after planting, it is set to dry. The height of the spine is 70--80cm, and the height of the “V†is 50cm. After the apricot tree begins to grow, Pay attention to smear buds.
6. Pruning, saplings are dominated by summer pruning, take control of the heart, and promote branching. To cultivate a strong, high-yield skeleton, quickly expand the crown, and the extension branches of the stems are generally picked up once a year. The new shoots are made at 40--50 cm, and the other tips are about 30 cm long. The branches of the main branch stand upright, and the branches and branches that stand upright on the branch stand open the angle and adjust the direction of extension. When the family is cutting, the extension branches of the stem branches are cut short by 40--50 cm, lightly cutting the middle and long fruit branches, removing the dense branches, erecting the standing branches and competing branches. The pruning of the result tree shall be timely eradicated on the backs of large branches in the summer, and the buds and tips in the saw shall be used for the growth and utilization of the shoots by means of measures such as opening and closing angles of shoots and shoots. In winter pruning, cutting, releasing, thinning, and shrinking are to be combined. Attention should be paid to the renewal of preparatory branches and perennial branches. Excessive dense and over-expanded branches and branches should be removed to open the light path to promote the growth of internal litchi and to intercept the long fruit branches. Weak and weak pendulous multi-year branches, control the results of the parts move up, move out. To maintain the ability of the crown structure and perennial branches to maintain the tree potential and regulate the relationship between growth and results.
7. Fruit and fruit management, early apricot growth period is short, fruit set rate is high, should be timely fruit thinning to increase fruit, increase uniformity, under normal circumstances, leave the fruit gap 5--8cm is appropriate.
8. Pest control, Apricot main pests and diseases include aphids, spider mites, scale insects, scab, perforation, commonly used drugs are 10% imidacloprid, chrysanthemum pesticides, 65% of zinc, polyoxin, agricultural resistance 120, etc. .
Size: 380/50g
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