The frame of the hedgerow is perpendicular to the ground, so it is also called a stand. It is divided into a single-arm fence, a double-arm fence, a v-shaped fence, and so on. The author's introduction focuses on a single-arm fence.
A single-arm fence, simple construction, saving materials, but also conducive to ventilation and light, improve the quality of berries, and conducive to mechanized operations, save time and labor, if the use of natural fan-shaped, the most likely early high-yield.
First, choose a good garden. Grapes are very adaptable to the climate and soil. In addition to swamps, heavy alkalis and heavy clays, good harvests can be obtained as long as the pH of the soil is between 4-9. However, note that it is best to choose a slightly acidic site with convenient transportation, flat terrain, and drainage and irrigation.
Second, improve the soil. The selection of gardens often does not take place. If the selected piece is not ideal, it can be transformed. Inequality, to be leveled as much as possible; heavy acid plots, lime can be used to reduce acidity; heavy alkali plots can be digging a few drains, to raise the planting plots in the ditch, then by watering, rain erosion To reduce alkalinity.
Third, stay in the field road. In the production process, it is necessary to transport fertilizers, transport fruits, etc., and to plan the field roads. General production road width can be 4 meters. Need to enter a large car, tractor road width 5-6 meters. The length of the grapes is generally 60-70 meters, which is not more than 80 meters. If the length is too long, there will be inconvenience in production.
Fourth, set a good direction. Grapes are best from north to south. Mountainous land cannot be designed in the north-south direction and east-west direction.
Fifth, determine the row spacing. This work is critical. The line spacing is too small, not conducive to ventilation and light transmission, it is difficult to produce high-quality fruit. The line spacing is too thin and wastes land resources, making it difficult to produce early crops. According to the author's investigations in Shandong, Henan, Xinjiang, Guangxi, Jiangxi, and Beijing, as well as more than 20 years of practice and multi-row spacing tests conducted by our institute, we have concluded that: in the no-arrack cold-proof area, the row spacing is 1.7 meters and the plant spacing is 0. .8 meters or row spacing of 1.5 meters, and plant spacing of 0.9 meters and 500 trees is appropriate. Buried in cold areas, with a spacing of 2 meters, spacing of 0.8 meters, 420 acres of planting is appropriate.
Six, dig a good planting ditch. Along the planting line, dig deep and 60 cm deep. A layer of weeds and straw can be placed at the bottom of the ditch, and 5000 kg of mixed fertilizer with surface soil can be added. Then 100 kg of superphosphate can be added, and then the soil can be backfilled completely for squeezing and irrigation. After the soil is loose, Flatten the husks and preserve them to prepare for planting.
Seventh, erect the column. The height of the column depends on the row spacing. If the spacing is 1.7 meters, the total length of the column is 2.2 meters, buried in the soil 0.5 meters, 1.7 meters above the ground. If the distance is 1.5 meters, the total length of the column is 2 meters, 0.5 meters buried in the earth, and 1.5 meters above the ground. Due to the length of the plot between the columns, it cannot be determined in a unified manner. The principle is that in storm areas, it is appropriate to use about 6 meters, and other areas can be 7-8 meters. When the pillars are buried, they must be practical. The line is in a straight line. The column takes a cement column as an example, and its width and width can be 6 cm and 12 cm. When making the column, put 3-4 3.3 mm cold drawn wires.
Eight, pull the wire. Generally, three wires can be pulled. The first road from the ground, 60 centimeters from the ground. After leaving 10 centimeters at the top of the column, the remaining two wires can be pulled at equal distances. Before pulling the wire, the pillars at both ends of the earth pulled a falling stone. Tighten the wire with a tightener and tie it tightly on each post.
Nine, planting seedlings. Seedlings are best planted before the winter (ie before the land is frozen). New roots can occur in the winter. Seedlings grow for one year, branches are full, and the second year goes directly to the high season. If it is too late, spring planting is also possible. The sooner the better. After planting, it should be poured with enough water and covered with plastic film to expose the upper part of the seedlings out of the mulch and then cover them with soil. The thickness of the soil layer above the seedlings is 3-4 cm. If the garden is built in the summer, it is best to use seedlings that were stored in the previous year, from May to early July.
Ten, choose a good tree. The author advocates natural fan shape. New shoots were produced that year, generally 4-6, until 80 cm or so, leave 50-60 cm to pick up the heart, in order to promote the new shoots, full shoots, leaves hypertrophy. After the shoots are made, they are picked up after the third layer of iron wire. Auxiliary shoots occur on the auxiliary shoots, leaving 3-5 leaves and repeatedly picking the heart. During winter cutting, leave 3-4 branches for each plant, and the height of the branches is about 70 cm. In the second year, the spike amount of fresh shoots varies depending on the variety, and the yield is determined to be 2000 kg per mu. For example, spikes are all about 500 grams, and 8 spikes per plant can be left.
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