Scientists have developed a genetically modified corn that can resist destructive rootworm pests by releasing a chemical signal that attracts nematodes, which are natural enemies of beetle larvae. When many plants are attacked by insects, they naturally release volatile chemicals and help attract insects that can attack intruders. But after years of choice for rapid and robust growth, coupled with increased use of pesticides, crops seem to have lost this ability. Ted Turlings and colleagues inserted a synthetic gene from oregano (E)-β-caryophyllene (EβC, a chemical that attracts nematodes) into a maize variety, allowing it to recover Protection methods.
The researchers planted the GM maize next to the corn that did not release the chemical, and then injected large quantities of beetle larvae into the crop. When this group of scientists released nematodes to experimental plots, the genetically engineered plants suffered significantly fewer root damages and 60% fewer adult beetles than those that did not release the chemicals. The researchers suggest that the technology of inserting this ability into commercial crops and manipulating the plant's volatile emissions can improve its natural defenses, which may help scientists discover ecologically sound strategies for responding to various pests.