Tea tree dwarf dense planting and cultivation is a rapid high-yielding cultivation method. Practice has proved that dwarf close planting can be put into production three years earlier than conventional cultivation, with high yield and rapid growth, and significant economic benefits. The main cultivation techniques are introduced as follows:
First, the establishment of a dwarf planting plantation
1, choose the land. All soil layers above 1m, no iron-manganese hardened layer, pH value between 4.5--5.5, groundwater level below 1 meter, and slopes below 10 degrees can be built in uncultivated land. Rehmannia is generally inferior to raw land. it is good. In order to avoid soil and water loss, terraces with equal width and height can be constructed first, and then under the ditch, fertilizer can be used as a kind of tea. To avoid the damage of root-knot nematodes, 7.5 kg of 3% carbofuran granules per acre can be sprinkled on the sowing footage before sowing, and then mix the agent with 25 cm of the entire soil layer with a shovel.
2, stratified base fertilizer. After the land has been deep-slipped, it can be used for planning tea pods, with a width of 100--120 cm. The planting pods can be used as a base fertilizer. The basal fertilizer dosage per mu is 60--80 lbs for pigs, 200-80 lbs for cows, and 200--300 for cakes. Kg, calcium magnesium phosphate or superphosphate 50--60 kg, 20--30 fire earth. Pigs and bullpen fertilizers are applied to a depth of 30--40 cm. The other base fertilizers are mixed together first, 2/3 is applied to the soil layer at 20 cm, and the rest is applied to the upper layer of about 10 cm. It is worth noting that all organic fertilizers must be decomposed before application, especially cake fats, if not easily burned roots.
3, choose a good seed. Selecting tea plants with dense planting, strong apical dominance, plant erection, compact plant type, oblique blade, strong buding force, and rapid growth.
4, rational dense planting. At present, more dense planting methods are used: 1 large row spacing 1.5 meters, small row spacing 33 centimeters, cluster spacing (hole distance) 20 centimeters, 2 plants per cluster planting tea, 6667 bundles 15,000--20000 per mu Plants, commonly known as three dense planting methods; 2 large row spacing 1.5 meters, small row spacing 26--30 centimeters, cluster spacing 20 centimeters, each cluster planting 2--3 strains, 8500 bushes per mu, 20,000--25000 strains, commonly known as four Dense planting method. In popularization and application, good water and fertilizer conditions can be used again.
5, to strengthen the seedling period management. It is very important to maintain seedlings at the seedling stage and increase the survival rate of tea seedlings. Newly planted tea seedlings, sunny days require watering once a day in the morning or evening, cultivating and weeding 4 times a year, ie cultivating and weeding before spring tea in February-March, with a depth of 10-15 cm; once in spring after mid-May, Shallow ploughing, with a depth of about 10 centimeters; in mid-July, a shallow ploughing of summer tea followed by a depth of 7--8 centimeters; after the end of autumn tea, a deep cultivator is used in conjunction with the base fertilizer, with a depth of 15-25 centimeters.
II. Management of Closely Planted Tea Garden
1, scientific fertilization. Closely planted tea garden tea trees, usually 6-8 times more than regular tea gardens, high density of 20-30 times more, early production, high yield, a reasonable increase in the amount of fertilizer is necessary. Usually a full-time tea plantation Mushi urea 25 kg, two-footer age of 60 kg, three-foot-age 75 kg, four-foot-age of 90 kg, after the age of five feet 100 kg. Nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium were applied at a ratio of 3:1:1, and 7-8 kg of pure nitrogen was guaranteed for every 50 kg of dried tea. With the continuous increase of the yield, the amount of nitrogen fertilizer will increase (nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium 4--6:1:1). Basal fertilizer is applied once a year, 150--200 kg of cake-fertilizer in Mushi and 20--30 tons of clay in fire, applied in the middle of November-December, and the top dressing (urea) is applied in the middle of March, May, and July. After reclaiming the soil, it is best to fertilize before rain.
2, low trim. The planting composition of the densely planted tea gardens is mainly due to the individual's top aptitude, the top buds, and the buds. Reduce the trimming area, make the tree dwarf, shorten the transportation distance of water and nutrients in the body, and promote the growth of the top bud, which is the purpose of dwarfing. Therefore, in the early March of the second year after planting, when the seedling height exceeds 20 cm on average, the upper branches and leaves are cut at 15 cm from the ground. In July-August this year, the average height of seedlings generally exceeds 40 centimeters, and a portion of fresh leaves can be picked up first and then cut flat at 30 centimeters. As young tea grows vigorously, if the average height of seedlings reaches 50 centimeters in early March of the third year, it can be cut at 40 centimeters. After the tea tree has been trimmed and dwarfed three times, in the beginning of March each year, only a 2- to 3-centimeter light cut on the canopy surface is required.
3, picking several times in batches. Just relying on pruning to control the height of dwarfed tea trees is not enough, and it must also be carried out in multiple batches to pick and prolong the picking period. The tea tree should pay attention to the combination of mining and staying in the early years, so as to improve the conditions for the preparation of the yield as soon as possible. Therefore, after the first time the tea tree is pruned, when the tree reaches 40 centimeters in height, one bud and two leaves are used for the top, and the height is less than the new height. , will not be adopted, once every 3-3-4 days, repeated picking 4--5 to control the height, to maintain the tree at the end of the year 40--45 cm. After the tea tree has been shaped and pruned for the second time, the spring buds can retain 3–4 leaves, the summer tea leaves 2 leaves, and the autumn tea leaves 1 leaf. At the end of the year, the tree height is 45–50 cm. After the tea tree was trimmed 40 cm away from the ground for the third time, the spring tea leaves 2 leaves, the summer tea leaves 1 leaf, the autumn tea leaves the fish, and the year-end tree height is maintained at about 50 cm. Four-foot-old tea trees are lightly cut once in spring, but spring tea leaves 1 leaf, while summer and autumn tea leaves fish. The year-end trees are about 55 cm high. During the picking period, generally the valley rains are exploited and the park is closed for a week before the frost falls.