Soil testing and formula fertilization technology refers to the timely mastery of soil fertility status through soil tests. According to the requirements of different crops and the requirements of agricultural production, organic fertilizers and fertilizers, nitrogen fertilizers and phosphorus and potassium fertilizers, and trace elements and other fertilizers are applied in an appropriate proportion. Improve the use of nutrients in fertilizers to promote high-yield, high-quality and high-efficiency scientific fertilization methods. The technical points of soil testing and formula fertilization are as follows:
The first step is to collect soil samples. The sampling site and the collected soil must be representative. Collecting soil samples is the basis of balanced fertilization. If sampling is not allowed, the scientific nature of balanced fertilization is fundamentally lost. According to the distribution characteristics of the roots of fruit trees, in order to objectively reflect the nutrient supply status in the soil layer, the sampling depth should be between 20 and 60 cm, and the soil should be stratified.
Sampling is generally based on an area of ​​50 to 100 mu. This, of course, depends on the actual situation. If the land area is large and the fertility is similar, the sampling area can be enlarged; if it is a sporadic farmland or land, there is sporadic and fertility. For large changes, sampling area can also be smaller. According to the “zigzag†or “quincunx shapeâ€, a representative sample of 5 to 10 points can be selected, the topsoil cover can be removed, the cross-section can be dug at the standard depth, and the earth can be evenly taken from the soil. Then, the soil samples collected at each spot were mixed, and the number of samples was reduced by a quarter-by-one method. The final amount was about 1 kilogram. The obtained soil sample is loaded into a bag and labels are placed inside and outside the bag, indicating the sampling location, date, sampling person, and the relevant contents of the analysis.
The second step is soil testing. Soil testing is the diagnosis of soil. It is necessary to find a laboratory in the agricultural and scientific research departments above the county level. The determination of laboratory content, taking into account both needs and possibilities. According to the current farmers' actual bearing capacity for laboratory tests, only some major projects with relatively large correlations can be selected. Five basic tests can be used, namely alkaline nitrogen, available phosphorus, available potassium, organic matter and pH. Among these five items, alkaline nitrogen, available phosphorus, and available potassium are the three most important nutrients that reflect soil fertility. Two items of organic matter and pH can be used as reference projects; targeted micronutrients can be tested according to needs. The soil test should be accurate and timely. The data obtained from the laboratory tests should be filled out by the farmer, and be recorded, placed in local archives, input into a computer, and establish a soil database.
The third step is to determine the formula. The formulation was selected by agricultural experts and specialists in sub-agriculture. A group of experts may be invited to be invited by relevant experts from the Provincial Agricultural University, the Provincial Academy of Agricultural Sciences and the Soil and Fertilizer Management Station to analyze and study relevant technical data and scientifically determine the fertilizer formula. The local agricultural technology promotion centers and soil fertilizer stations are responsible for the local fertilizer formulation. Agricultural science and technology personnel according to a certain yield indicators of the amount of fruit trees required fertilizer, soil fertilizer supply, and the use of different fertilizers in the season, select the fertilizer ratio and amount of fertilizer.
The fourth step is to process formula fertilizer. Fertilizer production requires strict organization and serialized services. To establish a balanced fertilization technology industry collaboration network. This collaborative network integrates industry competent departments, education, scientific research, promotion, fertilizer enterprises, and rural service organizations, and implements unified soil testing, unified formulation, uniform fertilizer supply, and unified technical guidance to serve the majority of farmers. Formula fertilizer production of the first pass, you need to live raw material fertilizer, select the province, both inside and outside the brand-name fertilizer manufacturers, use of good quality and reasonable price of raw materials. The second pass is to scientifically allocate fertilizer, and the county's agricultural technology promotion department has established a unified fertilizer plant.
The fifth step, according to the purchase of fertilizer. After the practice of soil testing and formula fertilization in recent years, some places have found out how to supply formula fertilizer. The County Agricultural Technology Extension Center, after formulating the soil testing formula, formulates the formulas according to the list of farmers, including the county extension center, the township comprehensive service station and the farmers. Township agricultural comprehensive service stations or county promotion centers are allocated fertilizers to farmers.
The sixth step is to use fertilizer scientifically. Formulated fertilizers are mostly used as base fertilizers for one-time application. To grasp the depth of fertilization, as far as possible to meet the fruit growth and development in the late, the fertilizer needs. As a top-dressing fertilizer, it is necessary to look at the sky, see the varieties, grasp the timing of fertilizer application, promote water application and deep application, and increase fertilizer utilization.
Seventh step, field monitoring. Balanced fertilization is a dynamic management process. After using the formula fertilizer, observe the growth and development of the fruit tree and the results. Analyze according to the observation results and make judgments on the effect of fertilization. The timely feedback of field monitoring results to experts and technical consulting systems is an important basis for adjusting and revising the balanced fertilization formula.
The eighth step is to revise the formula. In accordance with the data obtained from soil testing and field monitoring, the agricultural expert group and the agricultural science and technology consulting group jointly analyzed and studied, revised and determined the fertilizer formula, making the technical measures of balanced fertilization more practical and scientific. This kind of revision is in full compliance with the objective laws of scientific development. Every time it is repeated, it is a deepening and improvement.
According to the soil testing formulation, the balanced fertilization method of fertilization can effectively improve the status of soil nutrients, promote the balanced supply of soil nutrients, increase the fertilizer utilization rate and economic efficiency, and promote the stable and high yield of fruit trees. (Li Xianxin)
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