First, potato filming technology points
1, choose the field soil: potato adaptability, the main requirement for the soil is loose, because the potato during the growth of the root oxygen consumption is much larger than other crops (the tuber formation period of oxygen consumption is 5 to 100 times larger than the general crop), in addition Tuber enlargement period requires loose soil permeability, strict requirements on the acidity and alkalinity of the soil, pH range of 5.0 to 8.0 can be. Therefore, it is appropriate to choose high topography, loose soil, deep soil, convenient irrigation and drainage, and fertile sandy soil or loam. Most parts of our area can be planted.
2, choose a good variety. Precocious, high-yield and disease-resistant virus-free varieties should be used. Seed potatoes require regular potato shape, moderate size, smooth and delicate skin, bud roots clear, complete potato chips, no pests, no frostbite of the old age of potatoes, the size of 25 ~ 50g is appropriate.
3, seed treatment. The seed potatoes are first sun-dried in the sun for 2-3 days, 3-4 hours a day, to remove diseased potatoes and bad potatoes. Promote the use of whole potato sowing, large seed potatoes should be cut, cut into pieces of seed potatoes should not be less than 50 grams, generally potato weight 20-25 grams, each cut should have 1-2 bud eyes, and will cut The good seeds were placed in the sun and then used to add 4-8% thiophanate-methyl or carbendazim to seed dressing to promote wound healing and disinfection.
4. Fertilization for soil preparation: Immediately after the harvest of the former crop, the NaNrem is deep-deeped. In shallow ploughing in the early spring, there should be no large clods, grass stems, and root pods. The proportion of nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium nutrients absorbed by potatoes is 2.5:1:4.5. The absorption of potassium is the most, and the supply of potassium depends mainly on organic fertilizers. Therefore, before sowing, it can be used to mix 3,000 to 4,000 kilograms of high-quality rotten farmyard manure. , 25 kg of diammonium phosphate, 20 kg of urea, 15 kg of potassium sulfate, 1-1.5 kg of zinc sulfate or 50 kg of ammonium bicarbonate, 50 kg of superphosphate and 25 kg of potassium sulfate.
5, appropriate sowing: generally in the middle of March the local 6.25rem ground temperature stable at 3-5 °C when you can sow, and then cover the surface with plastic film, with fine soil compaction around the film, every 2-3 meters pressure one The clods prevent the wind from blowing off the film and affect the insulation effect.
6, science Fangmiao: When the seedlings grow 1-2 leaves, no cold wave comes, you can put seedlings. The method is to align the seedlings with a cruciform mouth to draw the seedlings out of the membrane, and then grasp a thin layer of soil to seal the film around the seedlings to facilitate preservation. Fangmiao should be selected before 10 o'clock on the sunny day or after 4 o'clock in the afternoon.
7, fertilizer and water operations: The growth characteristics of potatoes is the growth of both shoots and underground tubers at the same time, in order to achieve the purpose of high yield, should be in accordance with nitrogen, potassium, phosphorus and fertilization principles, so that control on the promotion, to ensure production. After the seedlings were cultivated and weeded in time, the top dressing was applied. During budding and flowering, foliar potassium dihydrogen phosphate or micro fertilizer is sprayed 1-2 times to supplement phosphate fertilizer, potash fertilizer, and trace elements. When buds have formed and inflorescences are removed, they should be removed in time to reduce nutrient consumption and change nutrient distribution. , To promote the expansion of tubers, combined with cultivating weeds and timely soil.
8, pest control: potato pests and diseases are: late blight, cockroaches, cockroaches, small tigers, 28 ladybugs and so on. Late blight was sprayed 2-3 times with 58% metalaxyl MnZn wettable powder 600 times at the beginning of the disease. Earthworms, earthworms, ground tigers and other underground pests use 3 to 3 kg of phorate granules per acre, and the ratio of 1:10 of pesticide is formulated to spread toxic soil evenly over the surface of the soil. Twenty-eight star ladybirds, spraying 15-40 ml of 4.5% beta-cypermethrin per acre for 30-40 kg per acre during the larval period.
9, to promote the control of integration: When the potato ground growth is too prosperous, it will affect the expansion of underground tubers, should pay attention to control the ground above the crazy. Use 15% paclobutrazol wettable powder 50-80g per acre and dilute 45kg uniform foliar spray.
10, timely harvest. In order to increase the production and income of mulch potato, timely harvesting should be carried out for different cultivation purposes. As a vegetable sales field, we must seize the opportunity to market early, high value, early harvest after flowering, although the output is low, but the output value is high. Potatoes for other uses are harvested when they are fully mature, so that the highest yield can be obtained.
Second, mulching problems in planting
Film coverage not only improves ground temperature, water conservation, soil conservation, but also has a number of functions such as weeding, preventing pests, preventing salt and keeping seedlings, improving near-ground light and heat conditions, and producing agricultural products that are hygienic and clean, but there are still some new ones. problem.
1. The depth and breadth of the promotion of new technologies for mulching film needs further extension and expansion. Some innovative new technologies for mulching have not yet been widely used. The scope of promotion is obviously too small. Some technologies have experiments and demonstrations, but they have not been able to be promoted well. They have not shown the advantages of large-scale promotion and mulching technology. The content is still not high. At the same time, the application of these new technologies for mulching film coverage is relatively simple. There is no assembly support, and there is no integrated integrated anti-drought technology system. The comprehensive anti-drought effect has not been fully realized. There are many conventional film covering technologies and few innovative technologies.
2, land consumption. As the mulching film covers the soil, the physical and chemical properties of the soil are improved, the growth and development of the crops are promoted, the nutrients absorbed by the crops from the soil are also correspondingly increased, the soil consumption is correspondingly increased, and the activity of the soil micro-living increases. Decomposition of organic matter, soil fertility decline, if not take the necessary measures to fertilize timely, excessive soil consumption caused by reduced production.
3. The research and development of coated agricultural machinery is lagging behind, and the development of a film-covering and fertilizing integrated machine shall be strengthened according to local conditions.
4, residual film recycling and reuse. The promotion of large-scale plastic film, and most of the non-degradable film, the recycling rate of residual film is low, resulting in white pollution. Most of the remaining membranes are mainly picked up and recycled manually, and mechanical recycling is less.
Third, development measures and suggestions
1. It is recommended to increase subsidies for mulching technology. The relevant departments have provided long-term and long-term subsidies for the promotion of mulching technology for mulching, and further extended and expanded the depth and breadth of new technology for mulching. In particular, innovative technologies for mulching of plastic mulches should be promoted and applied in large areas in poverty-stricken areas to increase production, increase income, and increase efficiency.
2. Establish a demonstration area. Integrate, match and integrate modern mulch film coverage technology and new achievements to form a standardized, systematic and scientific mulching film coverage technology system, display the latest scientific and technological achievements of mulching film coverage, and establish a comprehensive new technology, high standards, and high-level quality model of mulching film coverage. , Demonstrate the promotion of large-scale application of the new technology of plastic film covering in the province.
3. Strengthen the research and development of agricultural machinery and equipment for growing crops and improve the mechanization of crop film cultivation. Further strengthen the mechanical recovery of residual film, study the comprehensive utilization and recycling methods of residual film, reduce the production cost, and increase the economic benefits of recycling.
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