Sterilization and disinfection are important steps in the preparation and production of edible fungi. It is also an important means to sterilize and sterilize chemicals. The use of chemical disinfection and sterilization agents can be achieved by immersing, rinsing, wiping, spraying, fumigating and dusting according to the object of sterilization, drug performance, equipment machinery and environmental conditions. The preparation and use of commonly used disinfectants are described below: 1. Formalin: Formalin is a 36-38% formaldehyde solution. It is an important disinfectant because it coagulates proteins and has a bactericidal effect. 5% formalin kills bacterial spores and fungal spores. It is often used to sterilize inoculation boxes (rooms) and culture rooms. Usually 5-10 ml per cubic meter of space. When evaporating or storing at a low temperature for a long time, it often aggregates into a white flocculent precipitate, which disappears when it is heated and precipitated. 2. Alcohol: The killing ability of alcohol is mainly dehydration, which can cause dehydration and degeneration of bacterial proteins and lead to death. It can dissolve ester secretions and also have mechanical sterilization effect. 70-75% alcohol is commonly used for disinfection of skin and various utensils. If the concentration is too low or too high, the dehydration ability is too low. If the concentration is too high, the dehydration of the surface layer of the bacterial cells will cause the dehydration and solidification of the surface layer of the bacteria, which will prevent the penetration of alcohol into the deep layer, and the internal structure will not be destroyed, but the bactericidal effect will be reduced. Alcohol is flammable, volatile, and should be kept sealed away from fire. Use 75ml of 95% alcohol and add 20ml of water to make 75% alcohol. 3, phenol: phenol, also known as carbolic acid, can make the suspect release protein degeneration precipitation, can destroy the cell membrane and kill most bacteria. However, it has little effect on fungal spores. Pure phenol is a colorless needle of six crystals with a special odor. Commonly used 3-5% phenol solution spray sterilization inoculation room (box) or disinfection of utensils. Phenol is toxic. The degree of poison damage is Class III (moderate hazard). It is corrosive to the skin and can be washed with clean water when exposed to the skin. When formulated, 50 grams of phenol is added to 1000 milliliters of distilled water to make a 5% aqueous solution of phenol, which is a commonly used disinfectant. 4, to Su children: To Su children is a mixture of three isomers of cresol, also known as coal phenol soap solution. Is a soap containing 50% of the phenol, is a good disinfectant, bactericidal ability is four times stronger than phenol. It is commonly used to sterilize the skin and various instruments with a solution of 1-3% of Lysol. Disinfect with a 3-5% aqueous solution in a vessel and soak (approximately 1 hour). It is also possible to spray sterilize the inoculation box (room). In the preparation, take 30% of the children's solution with 30 ml of water and 470 ml of water. 5, potassium permanganate. Potassium permanganate is a strong chlorinating agent. The concentration of 0.1% has a disinfectant effect, 2-5% of the solution is effective for spores, but also can kill anaerobic bacteria. 0.1% potassium permanganate is commonly used to sterilize the surface of the vessel, and 1 part of crystallized potassium permanganate can also be used to fumigation the inoculation room (box) in two formaldehyde solutions. Use 5 grams of potassium permanganate per cubic meter. 6, bleach. Bleach is a white powder with a pungent odor. The active ingredient is calcium hypochlorite. It dissolves in water and decomposes into hypochlorous acid. When it infiltrates into the bacteria, it can denature the protein, thus playing a bactericidal action. Commonly used 2-5% bleach solution to wash the inoculation room, culture room walls, bed walls and so on. Due to its ability to absorb the moisture in the air and carbon dioxide to generate hypochlorous acid and fail, it should be kept in a closed container and stored in dry and cold places. 7, beijing off. The new benzalkonium chloride is also called (lauryldimethylbenzylammonium bromide), which is light yellow colloidal and has an aromatic taste. The concentration of the stock solution is 5% and it can be diluted to 0.25% when used. It is commonly used for disinfection of the surface of inoculation boxes and glassware and has a good ability to kill bacteria and viruses. Mild irritation to the skin and mucous membranes, severe skin rashes. 8, lime. It is an alkaline substance that can increase the pH of the culture material or the environment, thereby eliminating the growth and reproduction of most yeasts and molds. When used, quicklime can be used to cover mold contamination. Can also be formulated as 5-10% aqueous solution spray, or 0.5-2% aqueous solution soak straw and wheat straw and other culture materials. 9. Mercury. Mercury, also known as mercuric chloride, is highly toxic and is a Class I (extremely hazardous) hazard. Strong bactericidal effect. 0.1% of the mercury-enriched liquid can kill bacteria's vegetative cells in a few minutes, and the 0.1-0.2% solution is commonly used to sterilize the surface of mushroom, water, glassware and non-metallic instruments. A 0.1% mercury-mercury solution is obtained by taking 1 gram of mercury and 1000 milliliters of distilled water. If mercury is in contact with the skin, rinse with plenty of water and apply a 3-5% sodium thiosulfate solution. Mercury ascending solution should be stored in a brown glass bottle.