Rice paddy field key technologies

Loach is a popular aquatic species known for its delicious taste, high nutritional value, and strong adaptability. As a result, it has gained widespread consumer interest. While muddy aquaculture has become more common, the practice of raising loach in paddy fields remains relatively rare. This article provides an overview of key technical practices for farmers who are interested in integrating loach farming into their rice paddies, aiming to help them achieve better productivity and sustainability. 1. **Field Selection** Choosing the right paddy field is crucial for successful loach farming. The ideal location should have a good water supply, loose and nutrient-rich soil, and strong water retention capabilities. The field ridges should be raised to prevent water from overflowing. Before introducing loach seedlings, it’s important to apply sufficient organic fertilizer and treat the field with quicklime to ensure proper sterilization. 2. **Selecting Quality Seedlings** The quality of the loach seedlings directly affects the overall yield. Farmers should choose fast-growing, disease-resistant, and robust seedlings that can thrive in paddy conditions. Healthy seedlings will increase the chances of a successful harvest. 3. **Stocking Time and Density** After transplanting rice, it's recommended to stock about 10 kg of loach per acre. With proper management, this can lead to an approximate yield of 75 kg per acre without additional feeding. It’s important to note that other fish should not be introduced into the same paddy field, as they may compete with or harm the loach. 4. **Field Management** Effective management is essential for maintaining a healthy environment for both rice and loach. A dedicated person should oversee the field, and only low-toxicity, high-efficiency pesticides should be used for pest control. These should be applied according to standard dosages, with spraying done at deeper water levels to minimize impact on the loach. Although loach are generally safer in paddy fields than in open water, certain chemicals like toxaphene, carbofuran, quicklime, and tea cakes must be strictly avoided. During hot weather, maintain deep water levels to regulate temperature and prevent overheating. Regular checks of the fencing and irrigation systems are also necessary to prevent birds or other animals from preying on the loach. 5. **Egg Hatching** The breeding season for loach typically runs from April to September. Eggs are usually laid early in the morning on sunny days and again in the late afternoon or early evening. The eggs are small, transparent, and sticky. Before spawning, it's beneficial to place materials like brown pieces, willow roots, or aquatic plants in the paddy to help the eggs adhere. Once the eggs are laid, it's best to collect the nests and move them to a controlled fish pond for hatching, which helps protect the eggs from predators and improves hatch rates. 6. **Harvesting Techniques** Due to their burrowing nature, loach can be challenging to catch. However, different methods can be used depending on the season. In winter, piles of pig or cow dung can be placed in the mud to attract the loach, making it easier to collect them. In spring, opening the water inlet and outlet and placing bamboo rafts can encourage the loach to move with the water flow. During autumn, draining the field completely and allowing it to dry slightly before adding a thin layer of water can make it easier to gather the loach once they emerge from the mud. By following these practices, farmers can successfully integrate loach farming into their rice paddies, creating a sustainable and profitable system that benefits both crops and aquaculture.

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