Feed production costs typically make up 69% to 83% of total expenses in pig farming. One of the most common issues is feed wastage, which usually accounts for 3% to 5% of total consumption. This waste leads to significant economic losses. For example, a farm that raises 10,000 pigs annually and uses 8 tons of feed per day could waste between 240 to 400 kilograms of feed each day. Over the course of a year, this translates into a loss of approximately 200,000 yuan.
Feed wastage occurs in several key areas. First, overfeeding is a major cause. When pigs push feed out of the trough, it results in unnecessary loss. For instance, if a sow consumes an extra 0.1 kg of feed per day, and a farm has 500 sows, this could lead to nearly 20 tons of wasted feed annually. At a cost of 2 yuan per kilogram, this adds up to an additional 40,000 yuan in expenses.
Second, rodent damage is another significant issue. A single mouse can consume about 12 kg of feed in a year. If a farm has 1,000 mice, that’s 12 tons of feed lost annually. To prevent this, pig houses should be equipped with rat-proof nets on windows and metal plates installed 50 cm above the floor near doors to stop rats from entering. Using poisoned bait like 0.2% warfarin around the farm perimeter and setting traps in feed processing areas can also help control rodent populations effectively.
Third, mold contamination is a serious problem, especially during hot summer months. After pelleting, feed often has higher moisture and temperature levels. If not properly dried or cooled, it can become moldy within 2 to 3 days. Moldy feed not only reduces palatability but also harms pig health. It turns black, tastes bitter, and can cause lactating sows to lose their milk supply, leading to starvation among piglets. Preventing mold requires careful storage and proper drying processes after feed production.
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