One of the key steps in sweet potato cultivation is raising healthy seedlings. About 7 to 10 days after planting, it's important to apply fertilizers to promote growth. This includes 20 to 30 tons of well-rotted human and animal manure water, along with 10 to 15 kg of ammonium bicarbonate or 5 kg of urea. Alternatively, you can use 4 to 10 kg of a 40% efficient compound fertilizer. Additionally, 100 to 150 kg of mixed superphosphate and 25 to 30 kg of high-efficiency compound fertilizer should be applied to the field, not directly on the plants. When the vines start to develop ridges, a foliar spray of 0.5 kg of zinc sulfate or 0.8 kg of compound zinc fertilizer in 50 kg of water is recommended. In early October, apply 100 grams of potassium dihydrogen phosphate and 150 grams of urea in 50 kg of water, spraying the leaves 2 to 3 times to enhance nutrient uptake.
The second step involves advanced pruning techniques. Once the sweet potato seedlings have established themselves, all the shoots should be removed, which helps shorten the vines, encourage branching, increase leaf production, and improve the overall plant structure. This makes it easier for the plant to produce more tubers. However, it's crucial not to twist the vines or "hit the rattan," as this can damage the plant. Take advantage of the growing season to manage the vines, trim fibrous roots, and prevent leggy growth, ensuring a strong and compact plant.
The third aspect is flood prevention. It's essential to regularly clean the ditches and repair the ridges to ensure proper drainage and avoid standing water in the furrows. Waterlogging can lead to root rot and reduce yield, so maintaining good field conditions is vital for healthy growth.
The final step is timely harvesting. Sweet potatoes are typically harvested around mid-November, depending on the purpose—whether for planting, consumption, or feeding. The vines can be used as vegetables, while the vine leaves can be made into silage for animal feed. It's important to harvest at the right time, as both early and late harvesting can negatively affect yield, quality, and storage life. If needed, fresh potatoes can be dug up earlier to meet immediate demand, but it's best to follow the optimal harvesting window for the best results.
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