Non-pollution melon vegetables, including: cucumber, melon, etc.
1. The main diseases and pests The basic diseases are: downy mildew, disease, blight, powdery mildew, anthrax, gray mold, bacterial leaf spot, sclerotinia. Insect pests include: aphids, greenhouse whitefly, and spotted fly.
2. Characteristics of major diseases and insects in spring When there is more rain in the spring, cucumbers in greenhouses and spring sowing spots are susceptible to downy mildew, gray mold and bacterial angular spot; drought and dry rain are prone to powdery mildew and aphid damage; rain is fine and high temperature, The occurrence of wilt disease is heavy; in summer, high-temperature and rainy blight occurs, and anthrax is easy to occur.
3. Control measures Agricultural measures:
(1) Choose disease-resistant varieties according to local conditions. Cucumber can be selected from varieties of Jinza, Jinyan, Jinchun, and Jinyou; winter gourd can be used as Daqingpi, Xiaoqingpi and so on.
(2) Implement ploughing, rotation and dumping, strengthen the cultivation and weeding, and clean the field to reduce the number of pathogenic bacteria and insect populations and reduce the number of primary infection sources.
(3) Cultivation of alfalfa: Fields with low topography, poor drainage, and high soil moisture content will adversely affect the growth and development of exposed cucumbers, and they will be beneficial to the occurrence and spread of diseases. Alfalfa or mulching will not only promote root development, but also Enhancing the resistance while reducing the humidity in the field and reducing the infection and spread of soil pathogens can greatly reduce the damage caused by epidemics, char blight, sclerotinia and bacterial angular spot.
Cultivate disease-free and strong seedlings (1) Treat seed with warm water at 55°C for 10-15 minutes, or use 50% carbendazim wettable powder for seed dressing at 0.4% of seed amount or 25% of 0.3% dose of Rhizoctonia. Prevention of seed wilt disease, anthracnose and other diseases.
(2) The use of nutrients (square) for seedlings, disease-free soil as nutrient soil, application of decomposed organic fertilizer and microbial fertilizer during planting, can reduce the occurrence of blight, damping-off, timely removal of seedlings, planting, strict Elimination of diseased plants.
(3) Cucumber grafted with Yunnan black-skinned squash or Nanzheng No. 1 as rootstock can effectively control cucumber wilt and reduce the occurrence of epidemic diseases.
(4) Pharmaceutical treatment Seeds can be soaked with 10% trisodium phosphate for 10-20 minutes and then rinsed with water 2-3 times.
Each square meter of soil was treated with 50 ml of formalin and 4-8 pounds of water to spread bed soil. After being covered with the film for 2-3 days, it was allowed to air for 7-8 days and then reared. Effective methods for effective control of blight and disease.
Biological measures: Increased No. 3 and No. 4 yield-increasing bacteria, enhance plant disease resistance, increase production and improve product quality. The following methods can be used:
Immersion root seedlings: 100 grams of solid microbial agent per acre (2 two) or liquid bacteria 10 ml (2 money), diluted with the amount of water required per acre dipped root seedlings, the root seedlings evenly dip coated with bacteria liquid, slightly dry After the dry, you can wipe seedlings or planting.
Foliar Spraying: The bacterial dose is the same as above, diluted with the amount of water required per acre of spray and sprayed after planting. Ecological control Ecological control of cucumber downy mildew and keratoses in protected areas can be achieved through the adjustment of temperature and humidity.
The whitefly can be released within the protected land to release the nymphalid wasp, which is released once every two weeks when the adults of the whitefly are 0.5 or less. A total of 15 larvae were released into the bee.
Physical control techniques: Covering the plastic film to prevent soil bacteria from spreading to the plants; Hanging silver-grey film strips and plant heights to avoid stings and preventing viruses; Covering the shade nets to control tomato virus disease; Yellow or yellow strips coating oil can trap and kill aphids and white powder Pelicans and Liriomyza.
Chemical control measures: Intensify the investigation of plant diseases and pests in the field, master the dynamics of pests and diseases, and conduct chemical control in due course. Chemical agents can be used alone, mixed, and alternately used to reduce the occurrence of insecticide resistance, while paying attention to the safety interval of application. The use of highly toxic, high-residue pesticides is strictly prohibited.
Common diseases recommend the use of chemicals to prevent downy mildew, disease can be used 69% Anke manganese zinc wettable powder 600-800 times liquid, 72% crosamide cyanide wettable powder 500-700 times liquid, 72.2% Prokary water 800 times Spray control of the liquid and other gray mold in the ground can be 6.5% of moldolin dust or 5% chlorothalonil dust 1kg/667m2.
For the control of wilt disease, 50% carbendazim can be used to release 500 times of licorice bees or 50% thiophanate-methyl wettable powder 400 times to irrigate the roots, each irrigating solution 0.3-0.5kg.
Sclerotinia can be controlled by spraying 50% acetaminophen or 50% narcotics WP 1000 times. Within the protected area, 10% quick-acting smoke agent or 45% chlorothalonil smoke agent can be smoked or 10% chlorothalonil dust agent can be used for prevention and treatment.
For the prevention of anthrax, it is possible to use 50% thiophanate-methyl WP 700 times or 80% anthraquinone WP WP 800 times or 2% wuyimycin (BO-10).
For the control of bacterial angular spot, 72% of agricultural streptomycin soluble powder 4000 times or 77% of wettable particulate powder 400 times can be used.
Common insect pests recommend the use of pesticides to control thrips. Insecticides can be used. Fighting aphids can be selected using either fast killing or 21% killing and 6000 times liquid spray or 2.5% Uranus oil 3000 times spray. In the protected area, 400-500g/mu can be used for killing smoke.
Liriomyescens can be used for the prevention and treatment of Liriomyza.
Whitefly can be controlled by spraying 10% Buprofimian EC 1000 times or 25% Trichosulfuron Emulsion 1000 times.
1. The main diseases and pests The basic diseases are: downy mildew, disease, blight, powdery mildew, anthrax, gray mold, bacterial leaf spot, sclerotinia. Insect pests include: aphids, greenhouse whitefly, and spotted fly.
2. Characteristics of major diseases and insects in spring When there is more rain in the spring, cucumbers in greenhouses and spring sowing spots are susceptible to downy mildew, gray mold and bacterial angular spot; drought and dry rain are prone to powdery mildew and aphid damage; rain is fine and high temperature, The occurrence of wilt disease is heavy; in summer, high-temperature and rainy blight occurs, and anthrax is easy to occur.
3. Control measures Agricultural measures:
(1) Choose disease-resistant varieties according to local conditions. Cucumber can be selected from varieties of Jinza, Jinyan, Jinchun, and Jinyou; winter gourd can be used as Daqingpi, Xiaoqingpi and so on.
(2) Implement ploughing, rotation and dumping, strengthen the cultivation and weeding, and clean the field to reduce the number of pathogenic bacteria and insect populations and reduce the number of primary infection sources.
(3) Cultivation of alfalfa: Fields with low topography, poor drainage, and high soil moisture content will adversely affect the growth and development of exposed cucumbers, and they will be beneficial to the occurrence and spread of diseases. Alfalfa or mulching will not only promote root development, but also Enhancing the resistance while reducing the humidity in the field and reducing the infection and spread of soil pathogens can greatly reduce the damage caused by epidemics, char blight, sclerotinia and bacterial angular spot.
Cultivate disease-free and strong seedlings (1) Treat seed with warm water at 55°C for 10-15 minutes, or use 50% carbendazim wettable powder for seed dressing at 0.4% of seed amount or 25% of 0.3% dose of Rhizoctonia. Prevention of seed wilt disease, anthracnose and other diseases.
(2) The use of nutrients (square) for seedlings, disease-free soil as nutrient soil, application of decomposed organic fertilizer and microbial fertilizer during planting, can reduce the occurrence of blight, damping-off, timely removal of seedlings, planting, strict Elimination of diseased plants.
(3) Cucumber grafted with Yunnan black-skinned squash or Nanzheng No. 1 as rootstock can effectively control cucumber wilt and reduce the occurrence of epidemic diseases.
(4) Pharmaceutical treatment Seeds can be soaked with 10% trisodium phosphate for 10-20 minutes and then rinsed with water 2-3 times.
Each square meter of soil was treated with 50 ml of formalin and 4-8 pounds of water to spread bed soil. After being covered with the film for 2-3 days, it was allowed to air for 7-8 days and then reared. Effective methods for effective control of blight and disease.
Biological measures: Increased No. 3 and No. 4 yield-increasing bacteria, enhance plant disease resistance, increase production and improve product quality. The following methods can be used:
Immersion root seedlings: 100 grams of solid microbial agent per acre (2 two) or liquid bacteria 10 ml (2 money), diluted with the amount of water required per acre dipped root seedlings, the root seedlings evenly dip coated with bacteria liquid, slightly dry After the dry, you can wipe seedlings or planting.
Foliar Spraying: The bacterial dose is the same as above, diluted with the amount of water required per acre of spray and sprayed after planting. Ecological control Ecological control of cucumber downy mildew and keratoses in protected areas can be achieved through the adjustment of temperature and humidity.
The whitefly can be released within the protected land to release the nymphalid wasp, which is released once every two weeks when the adults of the whitefly are 0.5 or less. A total of 15 larvae were released into the bee.
Physical control techniques: Covering the plastic film to prevent soil bacteria from spreading to the plants; Hanging silver-grey film strips and plant heights to avoid stings and preventing viruses; Covering the shade nets to control tomato virus disease; Yellow or yellow strips coating oil can trap and kill aphids and white powder Pelicans and Liriomyza.
Chemical control measures: Intensify the investigation of plant diseases and pests in the field, master the dynamics of pests and diseases, and conduct chemical control in due course. Chemical agents can be used alone, mixed, and alternately used to reduce the occurrence of insecticide resistance, while paying attention to the safety interval of application. The use of highly toxic, high-residue pesticides is strictly prohibited.
Common diseases recommend the use of chemicals to prevent downy mildew, disease can be used 69% Anke manganese zinc wettable powder 600-800 times liquid, 72% crosamide cyanide wettable powder 500-700 times liquid, 72.2% Prokary water 800 times Spray control of the liquid and other gray mold in the ground can be 6.5% of moldolin dust or 5% chlorothalonil dust 1kg/667m2.
For the control of wilt disease, 50% carbendazim can be used to release 500 times of licorice bees or 50% thiophanate-methyl wettable powder 400 times to irrigate the roots, each irrigating solution 0.3-0.5kg.
Sclerotinia can be controlled by spraying 50% acetaminophen or 50% narcotics WP 1000 times. Within the protected area, 10% quick-acting smoke agent or 45% chlorothalonil smoke agent can be smoked or 10% chlorothalonil dust agent can be used for prevention and treatment.
For the prevention of anthrax, it is possible to use 50% thiophanate-methyl WP 700 times or 80% anthraquinone WP WP 800 times or 2% wuyimycin (BO-10).
For the control of bacterial angular spot, 72% of agricultural streptomycin soluble powder 4000 times or 77% of wettable particulate powder 400 times can be used.
Common insect pests recommend the use of pesticides to control thrips. Insecticides can be used. Fighting aphids can be selected using either fast killing or 21% killing and 6000 times liquid spray or 2.5% Uranus oil 3000 times spray. In the protected area, 400-500g/mu can be used for killing smoke.
Liriomyescens can be used for the prevention and treatment of Liriomyza.
Whitefly can be controlled by spraying 10% Buprofimian EC 1000 times or 25% Trichosulfuron Emulsion 1000 times.
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