First, choose a suitable block
Do a good job in deep-spotting Yam is a tuber crop, deeper into the soil, drought, drought, fear of deep loose soil. As a result, he chose a sandy loam planted with high-dryness and drainage. Sandy loam has good porosity and air permeability, quick warming, early sprouting, and is conducive to tuber elongation. In view of the irrepressible yam's continuous cropping, the disease was aggravated, and the yam and gramineous crops were implemented once every two years to effectively reduce or prevent the occurrence of diseases. Before the soil is frozen in the autumn, after the soil is frozen, ditches are planted at a row spacing of 70 to 80 centimeters. The ditch is 100 centimeters deep and the ditch is 25 centimeters wide. The excavated raw soil and ripe soil are placed on the ditch. After a winter and spring, the soil was fully matured and the pests and diseases in the soil were frozen. The large sand stones and brick tiles encountered in the trenching are all picked out so as not to injure the yam tubers. In the coming spring, combined with Shiji Fei, backfill the soil into the ditch, fill the raw soil first, and then fill in the mature soil. Each backfill will be pressed once with a foot to prevent collapse of the planting ditch.
Second, choose a good seed to apply base fertilizer
The good breed is an internal cause of high yield and high quality. He chose Japan's Dahe Changji, which has strong adaptability, large potential for yield increase, and high quality, and laid the foundation for the high yield and high quality of yams. The growth period of yam is long and requires large amount of fertilizer. To obtain high yield and high quality, it is necessary to apply scientific fertilization according to the ratio of nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium 4:1:5 required fertilizer. First, the basal fertiliser was applied, and 3,000 kg of high-quality organic manure was cooked and mixed with 100 kilograms of Sarkozy compound fertilizer and applied in a soil layer of 25 cm or less. Because yams are hi potassium and chlorine-free crops, if chlorine-containing fertilizers are used, tuber yield and quality will decline, and they will be difficult to store and transport. Therefore, he never used chlorine-containing fertilizers to grow yams and pay attention to increasing potassium fertilizers. After the fertilization, a large amount of water is poured along the ditch, and the soil is loosened and warmed at the right time after irrigation to lay the foundation for seedling preservation.
Third, timely sowing cover film
Yam hi warm, intolerance to frost, sowing temperature is too early, prone to bad species. However, the growth period of yam is as long as 180 days, and sowing the evening will reduce the yield and quality. Sowing when the ground temperature of 5 cm is stabilized at 14 °C, the time is in mid-April, and not later than the end of April. One month before sowing, the outdoor leeward sunny place was selected for germination. Sowing in the sun for 3 to 5 days before sowing, and then soaking for 15 minutes with 500 times the gold liquid, or 40% carbendazim gel suspension 300 times, dip, remove and dry. Seedlings after such treatment can be sterilized, but also to promote the full Miao Zhuang. Seed ditching, ditch depth of 7 to 10 cm, along the ditch Mushi phoxim granules 2 to 3 kg, can control lice, earthworms, tigers, wireworms and other pests. For the nematode-infested plots, sulphate is applied to aveinin granules, or Yishubao granules, or Miller granules, at a rate of 5 to 10 kilograms per mu. The fertilizer can be applied as 5 kg per acre. Mix the fertilizer, pesticide and soil, then pour a small amount of water into the ditch. After sowing the soil, cover it with a 1.2 m wide plastic film. The mulching film has the effect of increasing the temperature and protecting the lotus root, promoting the seedlings to grow 4 to 6 days earlier, and increasing the yield by 10% to 20%. In order to prevent the damage of weeds, after the film is leveled on the ground, 150 ml of blunt weeds are used per mu, and 50 kg of water is sprayed on the ground again to control grasses and broadleaf weeds. The effective period is 45 to 60 days.
Fourth, strengthen field management to promote high yield and high quality
1. Immediately after emergence, the seedlings should be broken. When half of the seedlings are exposed on the ground, when the seedling height is 20 cm, it is necessary to take a stand.
2. Timely top dressing. The yam seedlings have a small amount of stems and leaves, and they do not need to be topdressed when the base fertilizer is full. Around mid-June, after entering the period of spreading manioc, more fertilizer was needed. The first time the fertilizer was applied, 30 kg of Mushi Sprinkle could be used to promote the growth of stems and leaves. From late July to early September, it is the period of tuber enlargement, which is also the peak period of fertilizer demand. In the middle and late July, 30 acres of canyon and 10 kg of potassium sulfate can be scattered. In order to protect the roots of the leaves and promote the growth of tubers, the implementation of extra-root fertilizer after late August can increase production by 15%. Each tuber tuber inflated 20 ml per mu, 50 kg of water for foliar spray, once every 7 to 10 days, and even spray 2 to 3 times; or spray 0.3% of potassium dihydrogen phosphate 2 to 3 times. Combined with soil dressing, soil 2 to 3 times, soil cultivation is conducive to drainage, but also conducive to the growth of tubers.
3. Watering and draining in time. Yam is a drought-tolerant crop. Even if it is dry during the early growth period, water is generally not needed to facilitate the downward growth of rhizomes. However, in the booming season of tubers, the need for more water, we must always keep the soil moist, watering in case of drought, avoid flooding irrigation. In the event of rain, water will be drained as soon as possible to prevent the occurrence of ditching and stains and affect the growth of tubers.
4. Pay attention to pest control. The yam enters the middle growth stage and is in a hot and rainy season. The humidity in the field is high, and diseases such as anthrax, brown spot, brown spoilage disease, and virus disease can easily occur. Available Amisite 1500 times plus 600 noble copper spray, every 10 to 15 days, even spray 2 or 3 times, the disease prevention effect is good. Virus disease can easily occur after heavy rain. The key to prevention and control of viral diseases is timely control of whitefly, aphids and other pests.
5. Remove yam beans early. The yam bean consumes a large amount of nutrients in the plant during the growth process, which seriously affects the enlargement of the tuber. According to tests, timely removal of yam bean can increase tuber production by 15% to 20%.
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