Squid, commonly known as Astragalus membranaceus, is a cold-blooded organism that thrives in variable temperatures. It has a remarkable ability to adapt to its environment. When the temperature drops below 10°C—its optimal growth range being between 15°C and 30°C—it becomes less active, stops feeding, and enters a hibernation-like state. To ensure the survival of carp during winter, it's crucial to raise the water level in the culture pond to 70–80 cm. This helps maintain a bottom water temperature above 0°C, which is essential for their survival. If the surface of the pond freezes, it's important to break the ice daily to prevent oxygen depletion, which can be fatal to the fish. Additionally, deepening the pond slightly can help prevent freezing and maintain a more stable temperature.
Another method is dry pool wintering. When the water temperature falls below 10°C, the pond should be drained, but the bottom must remain moist. In extreme cold, cover the pond surface with a thick layer of straw, such as wheat or rice straw, to insulate and protect against freezing. The covering should be at least 30 cm thick, and the thicker the better for effective insulation.
Indoor wintering is another option. When temperatures drop below 10°C, carp can be moved into an indoor environment. A suitable setup includes a small pool or bucket with 1 kg of salmon and 2 liters of water. Place the carp in the container and change the water daily. Maintain the room temperature between 2°C and 5°C to mimic natural conditions and support their survival.
Greenhouse wintering is also effective when winter temperatures fall below 12°C. Using a plastic greenhouse or a similar structure provides a controlled environment. Keep the water level in the pond consistent with the original aquaculture level, and maintain the greenhouse temperature between 2°C and 8°C. During the warmest part of the day, open the ventilation holes to allow fresh air circulation and prevent oxygen deficiency, which can lead to fish deaths. Install vents at the top of the greenhouse to ensure proper airflow.
Lastly, the feeding method before winter plays a vital role in the survival of the fish. Before the cold season begins, feed the carp with high-fat foods like mealworms, fly larvae, and other nutrient-dense options. These provide the energy they need to sustain themselves during hibernation. Offer as much food as possible to ensure they have enough fat reserves to last through the winter months.
By implementing these methods, you can significantly improve the chances of your carp surviving the winter in good health.
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