Soybean inter-row mechanical coating technology is a modern and significant agricultural innovation that enhances soil temperature, improves drought resistance, preserves nutrients, controls weeds, boosts soybean quality, increases yield, and reduces overall production costs. This new method involves covering the space between soybean rows with plastic film, using a technique called "placing between the rows and the film." It relies on proper preparation and fertilization from the previous autumn, selecting high-quality seed varieties, and sowing on flat land without ridges. Typically, six or eight rows are used, and the soybean film-covering machine applies mulch between the planting rows rather than directly over them, making it easier to operate and more practical.
The key features of this technology include in-membrane fertilization and sowing, which help prevent fertilizer volatilization, improve nutrient absorption efficiency, and allow moisture to enter the film from the edges, reducing water evaporation and protecting earthworms. Using this technology, soil temperature can rise by 3–5°C, effective accumulated temperature increases by about 300°C, fertilizer utilization improves by over 10%, soybean yield increases by 30%, protein content rises by 2–3%, and fat content increases by 1.2%.
**Key Technical Points for Mechanical Film Application**
1. **Seed Selection**: High-quality seeds must have over 98% purity, 97% germination rate, and 100% coating rate to ensure good seed quality.
2. **Land Preparation**: The soil should be deeply tilled to at least 25 cm, and the field should be level and well-prepared to meet sowing and filming requirements, ensuring smooth mechanical operations.
3. **Sowing and Fertilizing**: Use high-quality Xishui Hi fertilizer. Sow 55–66 kg per hectare, and apply 120–150 kg of diammonium phosphate, 30 kg of urea, and 50 kg of potash as base fertilizer. Seeds should be coated with a seed treatment agent, and herbicides applied after sowing.
4. **Film Application**: Use 800 mm wide plastic film with a thickness of 0.008 mm. After coating, the film width should be 600–700 mm, with fertilizer placed 50 mm from the edge and seeds sown 50 mm away from the edge. Ensure the film is tightly pressed against the ground and all joints and holes are covered with soil.
5. **Pest and Weed Control**: Implement comprehensive methods to achieve 100% control of soybean gray spot disease and other pests. For weed management, use pre-emergence soil treatment and post-emergence foliar treatment, avoiding any high-residue chemicals to maintain eco-friendly standards.
6. **Field Management**: Monitor and record all stages from sowing to harvesting to ensure quality and consistency.
7. **Harvesting and Storage**: Implement single-income, single-off, single-storage, and single-processing systems to ensure high-quality, pure soybeans.
**Equipment Used for Soybean Inter-Row Film Application**
The primary equipment used is the 2MFB-4A soybean film-covering machine produced by Nenjiang Agricultural Machinery Co., Ltd. in Heilongjiang Province. The machine consists of two parts: ridge cultivation and mulching between ridges. It allows for one-time operation to create four ridges and apply four layers of mulch.
**Analysis of the Technology's Effects**
Compared to traditional soybean farming, this mechanized film-coating technology reflects the “four lows, three highs, and one flat†principle.
- **Four Lows**: 1) Lower seed investment due to improved soil moisture, leading to better seedling survival and reduced sowing rates by 25%. 2) Lower weeding costs, as only 40% of normal herbicide is needed if weeds appear outside the film. 3) Lower mechanical operating costs, as no ridging or pressing is required, reducing cultivation steps. 4) Lower labor input, as manual weeding is eliminated, saving about 30 yuan per hectare.
- **Three Highs**: 1) High fertilizer utilization, as the film reduces fertilizer loss and enhances solubility. 2) High-quality soybeans, with lower pest incidence and better commercial value. 3) High efficiency, as the entire process is streamlined and optimized for productivity.
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