Soybean inter-row mechanical coating technology is an innovative and significant agricultural advancement that enhances soil temperature, improves drought resistance, preserves nutrients, controls weeds, boosts soybean quality, increases yield, and reduces overall production costs. This new method involves covering the space between soybean rows with a plastic film, rather than directly covering the seedling area. The process begins with proper preparation from the previous autumn, including selecting high-quality seeds, leveling the field, and sowing without ridge formation. A six-line or eight-line machine is then used to apply the mulch between the rows, making the operation simple and practical.
The key features of this technology include in-membrane fertilization and sowing, which prevent fertilizer volatilization and improve its efficiency. Water is absorbed through the edges of the film, reducing evaporation and helping protect earthworms in the soil. Using this technique, soil temperature can rise by 3-5°C, effective accumulated temperature increases by about 300°C, fertilizer use efficiency improves by over 10%, soybean yield rises by 30%, protein content increases by 2-3%, and fat content goes up by 1.2%.
**Key Technical Points for Mechanical Mulching**
1. **Seed Selection**: High-quality seeds are essential, with purity over 98%, germination rate above 95%, and 100% coating rate to ensure strong seedlings.
2. **Land Preparation**: The soil should be deeply tilled to at least 25 cm, and the field must be level and well-prepared to support efficient mechanical operations.
3. **Sowing and Fertilizing**: Use premium fertilizer such as Xishui Hi, with a sowing rate of 55–66 kg per hectare. Apply 120–150 kg of diammonium phosphate, 30 kg of urea, and 50 kg of potash as base fertilizer. Seeds should be coated with a protective agent, and herbicides applied after sowing.
4. **Film Application**: Use 800 mm wide plastic film with a thickness of 0.008 mm. After coating, the width should be 600–700 mm. Fertilizer should be placed 50 mm from the edge of the film, and seeds sown 50 mm away from the edge. The film must be tightly pressed against the ground, with all joints and holes sealed with soil.
5. **Pest and Weed Control**: Integrated technologies are used to achieve 100% control of gray spot disease and other pests. For weed management, pre-emergence soil treatment is prioritized, supplemented by post-emergence foliar treatments. No harmful chemical residues are used to meet green standards.
6. **Field Management**: Regular inspections and detailed records are kept throughout the growing season to monitor crop development.
7. **Harvesting and Processing**: Soybeans are harvested, stored, and processed separately to maintain quality and purity.
**Equipment Used**
The primary equipment used is the 2MFB-4A soybean mulching machine produced by Nenjiang Agricultural Machinery Co., Ltd. in Heilongjiang. It consists of two parts: ridge cultivation and mulching between ridges. The machine can broadcast seeds, form ridges, and cover four rows in one pass, improving efficiency and reducing labor.
**Benefits and Effects**
Compared to traditional methods, this mechanized film-coating technology offers "four fewer and three higher" advantages. The "four fewer" include less seed investment, lower weeding costs, reduced mechanical operation expenses, and less manual labor. The "three higher" refer to higher fertilizer efficiency, better soybean quality, and increased productivity. Overall, this technology represents a major step forward in sustainable and efficient soybean farming.
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