Ningguo City, located in Anhui Province, is a traditional production area for Atractylodes macrocephala, with a cultivation history of over 40 years. Known for its large, plump roots and high quality, this herb is highly favored by merchants across the country. On average, about 90 hectares are planted annually, generating an output value of approximately 2 million yuan. It serves as a major income source for local medical and agricultural farms. However, in recent years, the expansion of Atractylodes planting has led to an increasing prevalence of diseases, especially during the seedling stage, affecting both young and mature plants. Root rot, white peony disease, and leaf blight have become serious threats, causing significant economic losses.
The occurrence of these diseases follows certain patterns. For instance, damping-off, caused by Rhizoctonia solani, affects young seedlings, leading to stem rot and plant death. The pathogen survives in the soil and infects plants under cool and wet conditions. Root rot, also known as dry rot, is more common in later growth stages, often triggered by poor drainage or excessive moisture. White peony disease, or "white sugar rot," attacks rhizomes and spreads through water and contaminated soil. Leaf blight, referred to as "iron leaf disease" by farmers, causes premature leaf drop and reduces yield.
To manage these diseases, a comprehensive approach is necessary. Prevention starts with proper site selection, soil disinfection, and seed treatment. Farmers should choose well-drained sandy loam soils and avoid previous Atractylodes fields. Before planting, lime and fungicides like carbendazim can be applied to disinfect the soil. Seeds should be soaked and treated with fungicides to enhance germination and reduce disease risk.
Nursery preparation involves creating raised beds with good drainage and timely sowing in early spring to avoid frost damage. Choosing resistant varieties and using appropriate fertilization strategies, such as applying organic manure and limiting nitrogen, helps strengthen plant health. Crop rotation is also crucial, avoiding consecutive planting of Atractylodes with crops like cabbage or tomatoes that may harbor pathogens.
In case of disease outbreaks, prompt action is essential. Diseased plants should be removed and destroyed, while affected areas can be treated with fungicides like thiophanate-methyl or Bordeaux mixture. Regular monitoring and timely spraying help control the spread of infections. By combining cultural practices, chemical treatments, and proactive management, farmers can effectively reduce disease impact and ensure sustainable Atractylodes production.
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