Squid, commonly known as Astragalus membranaceus, is a cold-blooded fish that thrives in variable temperatures. It possesses strong environmental adaptability. When the temperature drops below 10°C (its optimal growth range is between 15°C and 30°C), it significantly reduces feeding activity and enters a hibernation state. To ensure safe winter survival for carp, the water level in the culture pond should be raised to 70–80 cm, maintaining a bottom water temperature above 0°C. If the surface of the pond freezes, it's essential to break the ice daily to prevent oxygen depletion in the water. Additionally, deepening the pond further helps to avoid freezing and maintain higher water temperatures.
Another method is dry pool wintering. When the water temperature falls below 10°C, drain the pond but keep the bottom moist. In extremely cold conditions, cover the surface with a thick layer of straw or crop residues, such as wheat straw, to provide insulation and protect against freezing. The covering should be at least 30 cm thick—thicker is better for effective heat retention.
Indoor wintering is another viable option. When temperatures drop below 10°C, move the pond-raised carp indoors. Place them in a tank or bucket containing about 1 kg of salmon and 2 kg of water. Change the water daily and maintain the room temperature between 2°C and 5°C to simulate a suitable wintering environment.
Greenhouse wintering is also effective when winter temperatures fall below 12°C. In a plastic greenhouse or glasshouse, maintain the water level similar to the usual aquaculture depth, and keep the temperature within 2°C to 8°C. During midday, when temperatures are highest, open the ventilation holes to allow fresh air circulation and prevent oxygen deficiency in the fish. Install vents at the top of the greenhouse to ensure proper aeration and reduce the risk of fish suffocation.
Lastly, the feed-based wintering method involves providing high-fat foods before winter to help the fish build up fat reserves for energy during hibernation. Foods rich in fat include mealworms, crickets, and fly larvae. Feed them as much as possible to support their energy needs during the colder months. This approach enhances their survival rate and overall health during the winter period.
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