Most vegetable diseases are spread by seeds, fungi, bacteria, mycelium, conidia, viruses latent inside and outside the seeds, and sclerotia mixed in the seeds. Seed disinfection can kill bacteria, make the virus inactive, effectively prevent the occurrence of diseases, and increase seed germination rate and germination potential, and enhance seedling resistance. Seed disinfection is one of the most important, most effective, most convenient, and most economical measures for controlling vegetable diseases. 1. Seed Disinfection Method for Fungal Diseases 1. The soaking of warm soup differs depending on the type of vegetables, and its water temperature and soaking time vary. The melons and solanaceous seeds are soaked in warm water of 55° C. for 15 minutes to 20 minutes. The celery seeds were soaked in warm water at 48°C for 30 minutes. The bean seeds were soaked in warm water at 45°C for 10 minutes. The onion and onion seeds were soaked in warm water at 50°C for 25 minutes. 2. Seed soaking in 140% formaldehyde (formalin) for 30 minutes. 250% carbendazim 500 times soaking for 1 hour. 372% Preclosure 800 times liquid soaking for 30 minutes. 450% Daisen ammonium 500 times soaking for 1 hour. 536% polysulfide suspension 500 times soaking for 24 hours. 6 Imidazole hydrochloric acid 500 times soaking for 1 hour. 7 Seeds of tomato early blight are soaked for 3 hours to 4 hours, and then soaked in 0.3% to 0.4% copper sulfate solution for 5 minutes; pepper blight and anthracnose are soaked in 1% copper sulfate solution for 30 minutes. 8 Cucumber wilt disease is soaked for 30 minutes to 60 minutes with a 2% to 3% bleach solution. 9 Bacterial wilt disease was soaked for 30 minutes with 60% mildew-proof ultrafine powder 600 times liquid. (10) Welsh onion and purple spot onion are soaked in 0.1% to 0.2% potassium permanganate solution for 20 minutes; melon wilt is soaked in 0.1% to 0.2% potassium permanganate solution for 30 minutes to 60 minutes. (11) Cucumber Sclerotinia Sclerotia was washed with 10% saline to remove sclerotia. 3. Chemical dressing 1 cucumber blight, cabbage, radish, spinach downy mildew, with a seed weight of 0.3% of the 50% thiram wettable powder dressing. 2 cucumber black shank, seed dressing 0.3% of 50% carbendazim WP. 3 spinach downy mildew, with seed weight 0.3% to 0.4% of 25% metalaxyl wettable powder dressing. 4 melon fungal disease, available seed weight 0.4% to 0.5% of the green hen No. 2 wettable powder dressing. 5 cabbage black spot, with seed weight of 0.2% to 0.3% of acetaminophen or 50% sucrose seed dressing. Second, the bacterial disease seed disinfection method 1. Warm soup soaked seed seeds soaked with warm water at 55 °C for 20 minutes. Cabbage, broccoli, and radish seeds were soaked in warm water at 50°C for 20 minutes. The bean seeds were soaked in warm water at 45°C for 15 minutes. Pepper seeds were soaked in warm water at 55°C for 30 minutes. 2. Seed soaking with seeds 1 Seeds of cucumber, cabbage, and broccoli were soaked in a 1000-fold solution of 72% agricultural streptomycin for 2 hours. 2 The bean seed was soaked with 500 times streptomycin sulfate for 24 hours. 3 Pepper seeds were soaked in 1% copper sulfate solution for 5 minutes. 4 Seeds of radish are immersed with 45% doxanthin 1000 times solution for 15 minutes to 20 minutes, and soaked for 2 hours with 75% agricultural streptomycin 1000 times. 3. Seed Dressing 1 Cucumber, Cabbage, Cauliflower, and Radish Seeds are seeded with 50% omeprazole WP with a seed weight of 0.4%; radish seeds can also be seeded with 35% metalaxyl seed dressing with a seed weight of 0.3%. 2 The pepper seeds were seeded with 50% enemy powder of 0.3% seed weight. 3 Bacterial diseases of kidney bean are seeded with 0.3% of seeds with 50% thiram and 70% of dexamethasone. Third, virus disease seed disinfection method 1. Warm soup soaking with 60 °C ~ 62 °C warm water soaking for 10 minutes. 2. Seed soaking with 10% trisodium phosphate solution for 20 minutes. 3. Drying Treatment The seeds were placed under a 70°C dry heat condition (eg a constant temperature oven) for 72 hours. IV. Precautions 1. When the warm soup is soaked, it must be constantly stirred to make the seeds evenly heated. At the same time, according to the requirements of different water temperatures, hot water is continuously added to ensure that the required temperature is maintained within the specified time, and the water temperature cannot be lowered. The seed dressing should be uniform so that each seed is stained with pesticides. 2. Seeds after soaking in warm soup can be soaked in cooled water according to the needs of different vegetable seeds for soaking time, and can also be sowed out after germination or directly after sowing. 3. For the soaking and seed dressing of pesticides, the concentration and dosage must be in accordance with the standards. The concentration must not be excessively high, and the amount of drug can not be increased. 4. After the pesticide is soaked, the seeds should be rinsed with water to remove the pesticides on the seeds so as to avoid the occurrence of phytotoxicity after sowing and affect the seed germination and seedling growth.
Antibiotic: A drug used to treat bacterial infections. Antibiotics have no effect on viral infections. Originally, an antibiotic was a substance produced by one microorganism that selectively inhibits the growth of another. Synthetic antibiotics, usually chemically related to natural antibiotics, have since been produced that accomplish comparable tasks.
Antimicrobial: A drug used to treat a microbial infection(antibiotic drugs).
"Antimicrobial" is a general term that refers to a group of drugs that includes antibiotics, antifungals, antiprotozoals, and antivirals.
β-lactam Antibiotics,Macrolide Antibiotics,Aminoglycoside Antibiotics,Quinolone Antimicrobial
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