Half-feeding combine harvesters (such as Yanmar, Kubota and other models) have significantly better harvesting methods, threshing quality, and power consumption than full feeds because of their unique application of crop-holding and threshing methods and corresponding supporting technologies. Models are more popular among farmers' friends. However, the phenomenon of threshing sometimes occurs during the harvesting operation, especially in the harvest of late rice in the region. From the analysis of various problems encountered in the harvesting and maintenance services in Xianyang Town, Pucheng County in recent years, it is mainly due to the following factors that the semi-feeding combine harvester is not properly threshed.
First, the operating environment and the operator's operating technology The semi-feeding combine harvester has excellent working performance, but it has a relatively high technical requirement for the working environment and the driver.
1. Crop height: The half-feeding combine harvester uses a vertical header. After the crop is cut, it is transported by a series of conveyor chains to the threshing chamber for threshing. Therefore, it has certain requirements on the height of the crop, such as the joint harvesting of Yanmar. The machine is 70-120cm, and the limit is 55-130cm. Otherwise, the head of the crop may be too much or may not enter into the threshing chamber and threshing may occur, resulting in unclean threshing.
2, the degree of maturity of the crop: In the harvesting operation, some farmers often rush to harvest due to weather or other reasons, so crops contain more water, and the grain and rice stems have great tension. Lead to threshing is not clean. This phenomenon is especially noticeable when harvesting speed is high.
3. Operational technology: When the operator is not harvesting in strict accordance with the operating instructions and mechanical design requirements during the harvesting operation, especially in the fierce market competition for the harvest, there are individual operators to seek speed and improve economic efficiency. Regardless of the quality of harvesting, it is also one of the major causes of threshing.
To solve the above problems, the solutions are: (1) The operator should accurately grasp the speed of the vehicle and choose a reasonable speed based on the maturity, growth status, and output of the crop to avoid overloading the threshing drum during harvesting. That is, during the harvesting process, the engine speed is basically maintained at the rated speed, thereby ensuring the threshing drum rotation speed. Because lower than standard speed will cause the threshing ability to decline and the threshing will not be clean, higher than the standard speed will cause the loss of cleaning. (2) Maintain standard threshing depth. The operator should adjust the height of the header in a timely manner according to the height of the crop, because the half-feed combine harvester does not allow all the crops cut into the threshing chamber, only allows the head part to enter, so the threshing depth will make the straw inside the barrel very deep. The increase in crumbs increases the work load on the threshing drum, which affects the normal operation of the drum and causes the threshing to be unclean. Too light makes the ear of the crop unable to effectively enter the threshing chamber and causes leakage. (3) Choose the correct harvesting direction. Although the half-feed combine harvester can lift up the fallen crops by means of abutments on the header, it should be harvested as far as possible in the direction of crop lodging to achieve the order of work required to straighten the crop and then cut, absolutely. Reverse harvesting is prohibited. In order to avoid cutting without straightening, the cut crop is too short, causing the plugging site to be blocked on one hand. On the other hand, the crop cannot be effectively clamped, causing the drum to be pulled into the threshing room and become fully fed. Excessive load cannot perform normal threshing.
Second, the state of the harvester technology In addition to the above external factors, the internal factors that the working conditions of the combine harvester itself is very important. The main internal cause of the threshing quality is the header and the threshing chamber.
1. The part of the header Because the function of the header part of the harvester is to cut and convey the upright or fallen crop straight to the thresher, if the phenomenon of threshing is not achievable and the crops are not properly conveyed in the cutting table, we should seriously Look at the header section to see if the distance between the left and right dichotomizers is greater than the cut width and the heights of the left and right diverters. If the lengths of crops near the ends of the divergencer are shortened due to oblique cutting The threshing crops sent are of different lengths, so that the crop's panicles cannot be aligned and threshing is not clean; secondly, a good cutter is a guarantee for the smooth operation of the whole harvester. Therefore, the cutting knife should be carefully inspected. If the clearance between the cutting blades is too large, the cutting edge defect will cause the crops to be cut off in time when the harvester is working, and the length thereof is shorter than that of the normally harvested crops, resulting in different crop lengths and spikes during threshing. . Also check the conveyor chain and guide rails. If the chain tension is insufficient or the wear of the guide rail leads to a large clearance between the two, the clamping force is not sufficient, the crop cannot tilt perpendicularly to the chain during transportation, the crop ear is tilted, and the crop pan tilts into the threshing chamber. Causes threshing to be unclean. To deal with the above problems, the processing methods are as follows: (1) The tip of the bifurcation of the left and right ends should be aligned with the outermost fixed blade edge of the cutting knife so that the distance is equal to the cutting width, and at the same time, the full-range harvesting should be avoided when harvesting; (2 ) The cutter blade should be replaced in time when the blade is missing or deformed. The gap between the moving blade and the fixed blade should be adjusted in time (0.1-0.4mm). The adjusted gap can be used to push the cutter bar. (3) Check and adjust the tension of the chain. And necessary repair of the excessive wear of the guide rails to maintain the necessary clamping force.
2. The threshing room part The threshing room is an important part of the harvester. The processing capacity of the threshing room determines the working efficiency of the harvester. The working status of the threshing room directly affects the threshing, cleaning and other performance indicators of the harvester. If there is abrasion and bending of the threshing arches, abrasion of the concave screen mesh wire and abrasion of the drum wall, the threshing gap will be too large, leading to leakage, and the threshing effect will be reduced. In addition, the cutting knife of the threshing chamber has a great influence on the threshing quality. When the cutting knife wears, it will cause the long stems entering the drum to be cut off in time. The phenomenon of winding the grass around the drum causes the work load of the drum to be too large to be normal. Threshing. The solution to the above problems is (1) when the various types of bow teeth of the threshing cylinder, the gravure screen, and the wall of the drum wear to the extreme dimensions, they should be replaced in time to ensure a normal threshing gap. (2) Check the sharpness of the guillotine knife and repair or replace it if necessary to reduce the drum load. (3) The wear condition of the gravure screen strips and the feed bars on the feed chain stage should also be checked to ensure that the overlap between the threshing arches and the strips (generally about 10 mm) allows the crops to be transported through the feed chains and transported through the strips. , Can make the crop uplift on the threshing bow teeth, to avoid leakage and cause threshing is not clean. In summary, as long as we address the problems that arise during the harvesting operation, we will analyze, inspect, and deal with the problems in accordance with the operational procedures and working principles. Generally, the problem of unsheared grain is effectively solved, and the quality of harvesting operations can be achieved. Guarantee.
First, the operating environment and the operator's operating technology The semi-feeding combine harvester has excellent working performance, but it has a relatively high technical requirement for the working environment and the driver.
1. Crop height: The half-feeding combine harvester uses a vertical header. After the crop is cut, it is transported by a series of conveyor chains to the threshing chamber for threshing. Therefore, it has certain requirements on the height of the crop, such as the joint harvesting of Yanmar. The machine is 70-120cm, and the limit is 55-130cm. Otherwise, the head of the crop may be too much or may not enter into the threshing chamber and threshing may occur, resulting in unclean threshing.
2, the degree of maturity of the crop: In the harvesting operation, some farmers often rush to harvest due to weather or other reasons, so crops contain more water, and the grain and rice stems have great tension. Lead to threshing is not clean. This phenomenon is especially noticeable when harvesting speed is high.
3. Operational technology: When the operator is not harvesting in strict accordance with the operating instructions and mechanical design requirements during the harvesting operation, especially in the fierce market competition for the harvest, there are individual operators to seek speed and improve economic efficiency. Regardless of the quality of harvesting, it is also one of the major causes of threshing.
To solve the above problems, the solutions are: (1) The operator should accurately grasp the speed of the vehicle and choose a reasonable speed based on the maturity, growth status, and output of the crop to avoid overloading the threshing drum during harvesting. That is, during the harvesting process, the engine speed is basically maintained at the rated speed, thereby ensuring the threshing drum rotation speed. Because lower than standard speed will cause the threshing ability to decline and the threshing will not be clean, higher than the standard speed will cause the loss of cleaning. (2) Maintain standard threshing depth. The operator should adjust the height of the header in a timely manner according to the height of the crop, because the half-feed combine harvester does not allow all the crops cut into the threshing chamber, only allows the head part to enter, so the threshing depth will make the straw inside the barrel very deep. The increase in crumbs increases the work load on the threshing drum, which affects the normal operation of the drum and causes the threshing to be unclean. Too light makes the ear of the crop unable to effectively enter the threshing chamber and causes leakage. (3) Choose the correct harvesting direction. Although the half-feed combine harvester can lift up the fallen crops by means of abutments on the header, it should be harvested as far as possible in the direction of crop lodging to achieve the order of work required to straighten the crop and then cut, absolutely. Reverse harvesting is prohibited. In order to avoid cutting without straightening, the cut crop is too short, causing the plugging site to be blocked on one hand. On the other hand, the crop cannot be effectively clamped, causing the drum to be pulled into the threshing room and become fully fed. Excessive load cannot perform normal threshing.
Second, the state of the harvester technology In addition to the above external factors, the internal factors that the working conditions of the combine harvester itself is very important. The main internal cause of the threshing quality is the header and the threshing chamber.
1. The part of the header Because the function of the header part of the harvester is to cut and convey the upright or fallen crop straight to the thresher, if the phenomenon of threshing is not achievable and the crops are not properly conveyed in the cutting table, we should seriously Look at the header section to see if the distance between the left and right dichotomizers is greater than the cut width and the heights of the left and right diverters. If the lengths of crops near the ends of the divergencer are shortened due to oblique cutting The threshing crops sent are of different lengths, so that the crop's panicles cannot be aligned and threshing is not clean; secondly, a good cutter is a guarantee for the smooth operation of the whole harvester. Therefore, the cutting knife should be carefully inspected. If the clearance between the cutting blades is too large, the cutting edge defect will cause the crops to be cut off in time when the harvester is working, and the length thereof is shorter than that of the normally harvested crops, resulting in different crop lengths and spikes during threshing. . Also check the conveyor chain and guide rails. If the chain tension is insufficient or the wear of the guide rail leads to a large clearance between the two, the clamping force is not sufficient, the crop cannot tilt perpendicularly to the chain during transportation, the crop ear is tilted, and the crop pan tilts into the threshing chamber. Causes threshing to be unclean. To deal with the above problems, the processing methods are as follows: (1) The tip of the bifurcation of the left and right ends should be aligned with the outermost fixed blade edge of the cutting knife so that the distance is equal to the cutting width, and at the same time, the full-range harvesting should be avoided when harvesting; (2 ) The cutter blade should be replaced in time when the blade is missing or deformed. The gap between the moving blade and the fixed blade should be adjusted in time (0.1-0.4mm). The adjusted gap can be used to push the cutter bar. (3) Check and adjust the tension of the chain. And necessary repair of the excessive wear of the guide rails to maintain the necessary clamping force.
2. The threshing room part The threshing room is an important part of the harvester. The processing capacity of the threshing room determines the working efficiency of the harvester. The working status of the threshing room directly affects the threshing, cleaning and other performance indicators of the harvester. If there is abrasion and bending of the threshing arches, abrasion of the concave screen mesh wire and abrasion of the drum wall, the threshing gap will be too large, leading to leakage, and the threshing effect will be reduced. In addition, the cutting knife of the threshing chamber has a great influence on the threshing quality. When the cutting knife wears, it will cause the long stems entering the drum to be cut off in time. The phenomenon of winding the grass around the drum causes the work load of the drum to be too large to be normal. Threshing. The solution to the above problems is (1) when the various types of bow teeth of the threshing cylinder, the gravure screen, and the wall of the drum wear to the extreme dimensions, they should be replaced in time to ensure a normal threshing gap. (2) Check the sharpness of the guillotine knife and repair or replace it if necessary to reduce the drum load. (3) The wear condition of the gravure screen strips and the feed bars on the feed chain stage should also be checked to ensure that the overlap between the threshing arches and the strips (generally about 10 mm) allows the crops to be transported through the feed chains and transported through the strips. , Can make the crop uplift on the threshing bow teeth, to avoid leakage and cause threshing is not clean. In summary, as long as we address the problems that arise during the harvesting operation, we will analyze, inspect, and deal with the problems in accordance with the operational procedures and working principles. Generally, the problem of unsheared grain is effectively solved, and the quality of harvesting operations can be achieved. Guarantee.
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