With the improvement of people's living standards and the improvement of rabbit wool textile technology, the demand for rabbit hair is increasing, and the long-haired rabbit breeding has broad prospects for development. Especially since 2004, the rabbit's gross price has been high and stable, which has further stimulated the enthusiasm of the long-haired rabbit farmers. As the home of the national long-haired rabbit, Mengyin County, in 2005, the number of long-haired rabbits kept 3 million, the rabbit hair production was 2,000 tons, and the output value reached 200 million yuan. Only this one farmer's per capita net income reached 400 yuan. Become a pillar industry for peasants to become rich and well off. However, some farmers in the long-haired rabbit breeding because of poor grasp of some key links, resulting in lower aquaculture efficiency. To achieve better economic benefits, we should pay attention to the following key technical measures:
First, excellent varieties
1. Selection of good breeds The main varieties of long-haired rabbits in China are the Chinese, German, and French hairy rabbits. Since the mid-1980s, China has started the breeding of long-haired rabbits, and has successively cultivated a number of new hairy rabbits. Like Yimeng Longhair Rabbit, it passed the validation and naming of the Shandong Province Livestock Breed Certification Committee in 1999. It has a high wool yield (1830g/year), a high coarse hair rate (average coarse hair content of 18.2%), and a high reproductive rate ( With an average of 7.86 litters, strong adaptability, strong disease resistance, consistent body appearance, and stable genetic performance, it is recognized as a new breed of long-haired rabbits. When introducing, care should be taken to select these fine varieties.
2, choose a reliable introduction field is now a variety of rabbit farms, but some species of rabbit farm rabbit production is not standardized, the quality is difficult to guarantee. In order to prevent swindling and lead to pure breeds, it is necessary to have a long history of construction, a strong technical force, a certain scale of production, standardized management, and a “License for the Production of Breeding Livestock and Poultry†issued by the animal husbandry authorities at or above the municipal level. The rabbit farm of "Specification Certificate of Breeding Livestock and Poultry" was introduced.
3. Select individual individuals of long hair, whether they are introductions or their own rabbit farms, must have typical breed characteristics. Careful selection is required to carefully observe the external morphological characteristics of the long-haired rabbit, such as body size, physique, and coat density (especially abdominal hair, leg hair density). Any one that does not conform to the appearance characteristics of this species must not be selected for use as a plant, physical defects or deformities, whether congenital or acquired, can not be selected for planting.
4. Strict selection and breeding of rabbits must control certain blood relations and prevent close relatives from mating. In order to prevent the occurrence of inbreeding recession, a certain number of basic groups must be maintained. On a large-scale rabbit farm, there should be at least 10 species of male rabbits of more than 6 ancestry with distant ancestry. If necessary, they can introduce male rabbits from other places. Blood renewal is performed to slow down the increase in inbreeding coefficient and obtain high-quality offspring.
Second, scientific management
1. The construction of a cage farmer can use an outdoor rabbit house structure with a cage. The rabbit cage faces southwards and is a sloping roof with high front and low front. The front and back of the eaves are short and long. The roof uses cement prefabricated panels or asbestos tiles. The rabbit cages are assembled with prefabricated concrete parts. The dimensions are 70 centimeters long, 60 centimeters wide, and 45 centimeters high. The cage door can be made of eye iron, coarse iron wire or wire mesh, and the bottom of the cage is bamboo. The slip surface is upwards, the distance is 1cm, the width of the piece is 2cm. The direction of the bamboo is parallel to the cage door. The basket must be made of cement board to support the fecal board. Do not leak urine. For ease of management, generally 3 layers are appropriate. It is best to shade trees before and after the rabbit house, and use plastic cloths to keep it warm before and after winter. The advantages of such a rabbit house are low cost, clean, good ventilation, and sufficient light.
Other rabbit houses also have various forms such as indoor single-row type, indoor double-row type, outdoor double-row type, indoor multi-column type, etc., depending on the scale of the breeding and the family conditions.
2, to maintain a good type of rabbit to regularly fed rabbits, in order to better control the rabbit's body condition, so that the rabbits to maintain a suitable condition. In order to breed in time, rabbits are ovulation-stimulating animals, but during the estrus prosperous period, when the labial mucous membranes are red, and when congestive and swollen, the fertility rate and birth rate are higher. To touch the tires on time, timely supplementation, female rabbits mating hands 9 to 11 days for the best time to touch the tires, the timely supplementation of non-pregnant, reduce the number of empty female rabbits, and increase breeding rabbit breeding rate. For the pre-pregnancy period (1 to 18 days), female rabbits should be fed the same way as pregnant female rabbits; during the late pregnancy (19 to 31 days), attention should be paid to the supply of protein, minerals, and vitamins. If the body is in good condition, it is not necessary to increase the amount of concentrate before delivery, so as to avoid excessive postpartum milk, which can cause mastitis if the baby does not finish eating. For example, the condition of the female rabbit is poor, especially after the blood has been dispensed. Supplementary feed should be increased by 75 to 100 grams. The farrowing box should be placed 3 days in advance, the litter box should be smooth and clean, and the bedding should be dry and hygienic. After the birth, the number of puppies should be counted in time, but care should be taken when the female rabbits have finished feeding colostrum after they have finished feeding. It is advisable to have 6 to 8 females for each female rabbit. If there are too many farrowing babies, they can be fostered and fostered. In the absence of suitable female rabbits, weeds should be eliminated. It is necessary to provide sufficient nutrition for nursing mother rabbits, ensure their healthy constitution and adequate milk. In the feeding method using green feed as the basic feed supplemented with concentrate supplements, the protein content of concentrate supplements should reach more than 20%, and the amount of concentrate feed supplement per bird per day is 125-200 g. Juice feed amount above 1000 grams.
3, raising a good puppies After the birth of rabbits are extremely sensitive to feeding conditions, must be carefully raised, otherwise it will lead to disease, growth stagnation, and even death. In order to ensure the survival rate of puppies, the following points should be noted: First, it is necessary to prevent freezing in the winter and to prevent steaming in the summer to create a suitable environment for puppies. The second is to do a good job feeding materials, generally 19 days after the start of feeding materials, feeding the first high-quality fresh grass to lure, and then add the fine material, water supply should be sufficient. The third is timely weaning. When pups 28 to 42 days of age, weight reached 500 to 750 grams, weaning. Early weaning will have a certain influence on the growth and development of young rabbits, but weaning too late is also not conducive to female rabbits recuperating and affecting the next reproductive cycle of female rabbits. Weaned young rabbits are fed 4 to 6 times a day and should be regularly quantitated and fed less frequently to prevent gastrointestinal diseases. The fourth is to keep cages. According to the purpose of production, body size, physical strength, gender, age, different groups, usually 3 to 4 per cage is better.
4, to ensure nutrient supply, increase the amount of hair production of high-yield long-haired rabbits on the amount of feed, especially protein requirements are high. It was determined that the content of 1 kg of rabbit hair protein was equivalent to about 4.5 kg of carcass or 6 to 7 kg of protein. In the large-scale long-haired rabbit farm, corresponding full-price diets should be formulated according to factors such as seasonality, physiological conditions, and wool yield levels, etc., and it is best to adopt full-priced pellet feeds to implement free-feeding and automatic drinking. . The ideal high-yield long-haired rabbit diet has crude protein levels of 16% to 18%, sulfur-containing amino acids of 0.7% to 0.8%, and special additives for hair growth, growth, and reproduction. In decentralized rearing households, we can adopt green and succulent feeds to feed freely and supplement the concentrates appropriately. We supply 80 to 100 grams of concentrate supplements per day and avoid feeding green forages.
5. Properly adjust the shearing time As the hair raising period prolongs, the growth rate of the rabbit hair gradually slows down (see Table 2), and shortening the hair collection interval can significantly increase the annual hair yield. In summer, to reduce the adverse effects of high temperature on wool production performance, shear intervals should be appropriately shortened. At present, the international market has increased the demand for medium and low-grade hair, and the traditional 91-day hair raising period can be shortened to 73 days (shorter in the summer) to increase the annual output.
Third, the program of epidemic prevention
1. Insist on self-cultivation and self-cultivation. Newly-purchased rabbits are isolated and observed. In order to prevent the intrusion of infectious diseases, it is best to use self-bred and self-support. When it is really necessary to introduce, it must be purchased from a non-epidemic area. After being purchased for isolation and rearing for more than 2 weeks, it is confirmed that there is no disease before feeding into a rabbit farm.
2, do a good job of disinfection and disinfection is an important part of disease prevention, through disinfection to reduce and eliminate pathogens in the environment, cut off the route of transmission. The breeders are required to enter the rabbit house after changing clothes, changing shoes, and washing their hands. A disinfection pool should be set up at the entrance to the field. Foreign tools and articles should be used after being disinfected, and common tools should be cleaned, disinfected and exposed in time. Rabbit houses and rabbit cages should be cleaned once a day, once a week with rabbits.
3, do a good job of immune immunization is an important means of controlling the occurrence of infectious diseases, immunization is done well, the disease can be effectively controlled. Due to the different prevalence of epidemics in different regions and rabbit farms, it is impossible to have an immunization program that can be uniformly used everywhere. This requires rabbit farms to sum up their experience in practice and formulate optimal immunizations that meet specific conditions. program. Here are the methods of immunization for several common diseases:
Rabbits. Thirty-four to 45-day-old pups were injected subcutaneously with 1 ml of rabbit cricket propolis vaccine or 2 ml of rabbit baboon-Pasteurella two-group vaccine. They were immunized once more at 60 days of age and immunized once every 6 months. If the epidemic occurs, doubling dose immunization is needed in the endemic area.
Rabbit pasteurellosis. After being weaned, the pups were injected with 1 ml of rabbit Pasteurella multocida or 2 ml of rabbit Blastococcus pasteurea and were injected once every 4 months.
Clostridium welchii. Weaned-fed rabbits were injected subcutaneously with 2 ml of Clostridium perfringens and immunized once every 5 to 6 months.
E. coli disease. The pups were injected with E. coli multivalent bacteria at 20 days of age, and each subcutaneous injection of 1 ml was performed. The pups were immunized once weaned and subcutaneously injected with 2 ml and immunized once every 4 months thereafter.
Borrell disease. The pups were subcutaneously injected with 1 ml of the Borrelia bacilli vaccine 18 days of age. After one week, they were boosted by immunization and subcutaneously injected with 2 ml. The injection was once every 4 months thereafter.
Staphylococcosis. Two milliliters of staphylococcal bacteria vaccine was injected subcutaneously before maternal mating, and the protection period was 4 months.