Lead-acid batteries are an important part of the electrical systems for agricultural vehicles and tractors. The battery life has a close relationship with the use and maintenance. Improper use and maintenance will cause early damage to the battery. Therefore, it is very necessary to do a good job in the use and maintenance of the battery. In addition, some damage may occur during the use of the battery. The user takes some temporary measures and repairs it in time to avoid delays in farming and reduce losses.
First, the use of lead-acid battery maintenance
1. Correctly install ground poles. In current agricultural vehicles and tractors, the battery used with the silicon-rectifying generator is a negative ground, and the battery used with the DC generator is a positive ground. It cannot be installed reversely; otherwise, the former will burn out the silicon diode. The regulator contacts will be burned. Lead-acid battery poles marked with "+" are positive and "-" are negative. When there is no mark, it can be identified as follows: The thicker pole is the positive pole, the finer is the negative pole; the pole is the oxide with more positive poles, and the less is the negative pole; the pole is dark brown with the positive pole and is shallow The gray is the negative electrode; it is also possible to draw one lead from each pole and insert it in the same cup of acid solution. A large number of bubbles produce the negative electrode.
2. Do not over discharge the battery. When using the electric starter to start, each operation shall not exceed 5s; when it is not started for the first time, it shall be restarted every 2-3min; when it is not started three times, the cause shall be checked and it shall not be started continuously.
3, when the winter starts, the engine must heat the water, the oil must be preheated, in order to reduce the load of starting the electrical machinery, reduce the output current of the storage battery. In addition, do not use force to move the clamps when the clamps are not loosened to prevent the poles from loosening.
4, properly maintain the battery should also do the following:
(1) Keep the battery clean. Electrolyte, soil, dust, etc., that have spilled on the outer surface of the battery will cause a short-circuit discharge and must be wiped clean. The poles and terminals shall be kept clean, in good contact, and painted with vaseline to prevent oxidation. The vent hole on the battery cover should be kept clear to avoid gas expansion and rupture of the battery case.
(2) The battery must be fastened firmly on the locomotive, and there should be a shockproof pad to avoid shattering the battery case while driving. When it is found that the shell is broken or the electrolyte leaks, it should be repaired in time.
(3) Regularly check the electrolyte liquid level. For inspection, apply two open-ended glass tubes. After inserting the cell, block the upper opening with your fingers. Then take out the observation and do not use metal appliances. When the liquid level is insufficient, distilled water should be added in time; when the electrolyte leaks or overflows, the original density electrolyte should be added. After adding distilled water, the engine should be started to charge so that the electrolyte can be mixed evenly.
(4) Check the battery storage condition frequently. Use an electrolyte density meter or discharge fork measurement. If none of the above instruments can also be checked by the speaker volume or light intensity. It is forbidden to check the size of the spark with a short-circuit discharge. It is forbidden to place electrically conductive tools and objects on the battery to prevent short-circuit detonation of the battery.
II. Instant repair of common damage of lead-acid batteries
During use, if the battery is damaged, the user can take some temporary measures to repair it in time to complete the emergency. If necessary, repair it completely.
1, pole pile ablation, fracture. When the pole pile is ablated and broken off, it can be repaired with a wire method. First cut the damaged pole pile from the root, drill a hole of 5mm and depth of 15mm in the center of its section, and screw it into the hexagon screw of M630. Put the trumpet tube made of iron sheet on the pole pile, pour the lead water heated and melted, and then remove the flare tube after cooling.
2, shell, cover cracks. If you find it is timely in the journey, you should plug the leak first. Turn the battery to the side that does not leak, dry the leaked electrolyte, dig some sealing material at the battery cover, and make up the leakage after heating the exhaust pipe. If it is a long crack, use a hacksaw to open the V-groove and make up. For small cracks, adhesives can be used for bonding. The method is to locally heat the cracks first. After softening, cut the V-shaped grooves into the cracks along the edges of the knife. Then put the resin clay into the area to be repaired. After the painting, stick it with a paper and put it in the room to harden. You can use it later.
3, plate short circuit. Mostly caused by broken partitions or too much bottom deposits. If the separator is damaged, the battery should be disassembled and the separator replaced. If only one cell separator is damaged, this single cell plate set can be taken out for repair. If there are too many deposits, the electrolyte should be poured out, washed repeatedly with distilled water and then recharged.
4, the active material off the plate. When there is not much shedding of active substance, the precipitate can be removed and used again.
5, plate vulcanization. Mostly caused by long-term battery discharge or half-discharge state, the plate produces a coarse-grained lead sulfate. If the vulcanization is not serious, you can use a small current and long time charging method to recover the active substance. The operation method is as follows: first discharge the battery according to the discharge rate of 20h and discharge all the electrolyte, rinse it with distilled water several times, and then inject distilled water. To standard liquid level. Charging current is charged with the second stage of the initial charge, and the density of the electrolyte is measured at any time, and charging is stopped when the density is increased to 1.15 g/cm3. Then pour out all the electrolyte in each cell, then add distilled water and continue charging. This is repeated several times until the density of the electrolyte no longer increases. Finally, discharge is performed once, and then it is fully charged to adjust the electrolyte density to the desired value. After destory-charged batteries, their capacity should be restored to more than 80% of the rated capacity. Otherwise, charge and discharge should be performed several times.
6, sealing adhesive cracked. If the crack is small, it can be hot with a hot iron. If the crack is large and the leakage of electrolyte is serious, it shall be removed and refilled. In order to ensure reliable bonding of the sealing material and the shell, the casting should be scrubbed with acid to remove the acid.
7, the battery disconnected. After a single cell of the battery is disconnected, it can be temporarily used with a sufficiently thick wire to cross the open cell.