The ultimate goal of pig fattening is to enable pig producers to produce a large quantity of pork with a high quality and minimum supply, in order to meet the growing material needs of consumers, and to obtain maximum economic benefits. For this reason, producers must meet the various nutritional needs of growing and finishing pigs according to their physiological characteristics and growth and development rules, adopt scientific feeding management and disease prevention and control techniques, so as to achieve rapid weight gain, low consumption of material, and weight reduction of pigs. High quality, low cost and high efficiency.
1 Physiological characteristics and development regularity of growing-finishing pigs
According to the physiological characteristics and developmental rules of finishing pigs, we divided the growth process according to the weight of pigs into two stages, growth period and fattening period.
Growth period: weight of 20 to 60 kg for the growth period. At this stage, the growth and development functions of the pig's organism tissues and organs are not perfect. Especially for pigs weighing just 20 kg, the function of the digestive system is weak. Some active ingredients in the digestive juice can not meet the needs of the pig and affect the nutrition. Absorption and utilization of the substance, and at this time the volume of the stomach of the pig is small, the resistance of the nervous system and the body to the external environment is also gradually improving. This stage is mainly the growth of bones and muscles, and the growth of fat is relatively slow.
Finishing period: weight 60 kg ~ slaughter. At this stage, the functions of various organs and systems of pigs have gradually improved, especially the digestive system has been greatly developed, and the digestive and absorption capacities of various feeds have been greatly improved; the resistance of the nervous system and the body to the outside world has also gradually increased. Gradually adapt to changes in environmental factors such as ambient temperature and humidity. At this stage, the pig's adipose tissue grows vigorously, and muscle and bone grow more slowly.
2 Nutritional needs of growing pigs
The economic benefits of growing and finishing pigs are mainly reflected by their growth rate, feed utilization rate and lean meat percentage. Therefore, a reasonable diet should be formulated according to the nutritional needs of growing and finishing pigs in order to maximize the lean meat percentage and meat quality. ratio.
Animals eat for energy. Under normal circumstances, the more energy a pig consumes on a daily basis, the faster the daily weight gain, the higher the feed utilization, and the greater the deposition of fat. However, at this time, the lean meat rate decreased and the carcass quality deteriorated. The need for protein is more complex. In order to achieve the best fattening effect, not only the need for protein quality, but also the balance and utilization of amino acids must be considered. High energy results in reduced carcass quality, and proper protein can improve carcass quality, which requires a diet with a suitable energy to protein ratio. Since pigs are monogastric omnivores, the utilization of crude fiber for feed is limited. Studies have shown that under certain conditions, as the crude fiber level of feed increases, energy intake decreases, weight gain rate and feed utilization rate decrease.
Therefore, the crude fiber of pig diet should not be too high, and the finishing period should be less than 8%. Minerals and vitamins are indispensable nutrients for the normal growth and development of pigs. Long-term overdose or deficiency will lead to metabolic disturbances, lighter weight gains, severe deficiencies or death. In order to meet the rapid growth of muscles and bones during the growth period, the levels of energy, protein, calcium, and phosphorus are required to be higher. The diet contains 12.97 to 13.97 MJ/Kg of digestive energy, crude protein levels of 16% to 18%, and appropriate energy proteins. The ratio was 188.28 to 217.57 crude protein grams/megajoule DE, calcium 0.50% to 0.55%, phosphorus 0.41% to 0.46%, lysine 0.56% to 0.64%, and methionine+cysteine ​​0.37% to 0.42%. During the finishing period, it is necessary to control the energy and reduce the fat deposition. The diet contains digestive energy 12.30～12.97MJ/Kg, the crude protein level is 13%～15%, the appropriate energy protein ratio is 188.28 crude protein g/megajoule DE, calcium 0.46%. , Phosphorus 0.37%, Lysine 0.52%, Methionine + Cystine 0.28%.
3 Feeding and Management Techniques for Growing Finishing Pigs
Diversification of diets: The growth of pigs requires various nutrients, and a single diet is often incomplete nutrition and cannot meet the requirements of pig growth and development. A variety of feed combinations can use the complementary functions of proteins and Other nutrients to increase the digestibility and utilization of nutrients such as proteins. Studies have shown that a single corn feed has a protein utilization rate of 51% and a single meat and bone meal of 41%. If two corns are added together with a bone meal of meat and bone, the protein utilization rate can be increased to 61%.
Seed & grain cleaning/ processing plant is a whole set production line made up of different machines. Usually, the seed grain cleaning processing plant includes equipment from seed pre-cleaning, fine cleaning, until seed coating, packing.
Grain seed harvested from ground contains much impurity as dust, straw, husk, stems, lumps, stones. To increase grain seeds market value, the farmers/distributors need clean grain seeds before sell. Our grain cleaning plant offers solution to effectively remove above impurity. Farm equipment as seed huller, pre-cleaner, seed cleaner & grader, destoner will do the job. The huller/de-awner removes seeds' surface husk / awn. After then, seed cleaner & grader will remove the dust, husk, smashed stems by air suction cleaning. Meanwhile, it will remove the oversize and undersize impurity by sieve grading. After air screen cleaning, the destoner will separate the stones, lumps, glass and other heavy impurity. To remove the stones and clods, we also have magnetic separator, it is used to remove the magnetic clods and other magnetic impurity. After grain being cleaned by above procedures, customers normally add gravity separator to remove bad, immature, eaten, sicken seeds. Gravity Separator will help to find the healthy seeds. In order to improve the seeds germination rate, seeds coating machine is essential. Seed Treater will coat the chemical, fertilizer film on seeds' surface. The chemical will protect the seeds underground from worm's eaten and prevent diseases. The fertilizer will offer rich nutrition during seeds budding stage. Finally the cleaned grain/ seeds are being weighted and packed into bags.
Above is typical grain seed cleaning, processing procedure introduction. For different customers' demands, raw material requirements, we will customize the specific suitable plant design. For example, if clients clean beans, we will recommend extra Bean Polishing Machine to remove soil/dust on bean surface. If client require a high cleaning rate, the color sorter, hands picking belt will be added. We provide customized plant solutions basing on different cleaning situation.
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