Mud seedling pool diagram
1. Anti-escape 2. Spawning grounds, rest areas 3. Food courts and rest areas 4. Water surface 5. Sandy bottom 6. Ponds
Loach meat is delicate, delicious, nutritious, rich in protein, calcium, phosphorus, iron and other mineral elements, with warm stomach, dampness, Buzhongyiqi, strong essence of blood, the value of food and medicine is higher. The breeding mud loach investment is small and effective. In this issue, a group of loach breeding techniques is specially edited. It is hoped to provide help for farmers to get rich.
Prepare before feeding
The construction of nursery stocks for feeding muddy seedlings can be done with concrete tanks and earthen ponds, but the water sources must be sufficient and free of pollution, and the light should be good. The ponds should have strong water retention, no leakage, and can completely drain the pool water. The area of ​​each seedling pond is generally 40 to 60 square meters, and the depth of the pool is 70 to 80 centimeters. There is a collection fish pit at the center of the pond or at the drainage area (see the figure below). 15 days before the fry hatching, the pool water shall be drained first. Each 100 square meters shall be disinfected with 10-12 kg of clear lime in the clear pond, and exposed for 4 to 5 days. Then inject fresh filtered water, about 20 cm high, and apply a small amount of decomposed manure. Drug toxicity disappears when the pool water becomes brown or green before planting. The density of seedlings was half-breeding, with 15 to 200,000 polycultures per 100 square meters; and polyculture of 8 to 100 thousand fishes per 100 square meters for hydroponics.
Sludge removal For the ponds that have been used for many years, exposure should be performed first. Sun exposure is very important. Generally, 30 days before the seedlings enter the pond, they must be exposed to sunlight, and the bottom of the pond should be sun-backed and can destroy the microorganisms in the pond. As the bottom of the pond has accumulated a lot of manure and the remaining feed, the bottom sludge has also become a habitat for the survival of pathogenic microorganisms. The muddy mud has the habit of drilling mud, and likes to work at the bottom of the pond. Therefore, the bottom mud must be removed before the seedlings enter the pond. You can use shovels to dig up the bottom 40 centimeters of deep silt, put together, and then use a trolley to push away from the pond.
Disinfection management Lime can eliminate a variety of pathogens and harmful organisms. Dianchi can be disinfected with quicklime about a week before stocking. After the lime is dissolved in water, it turns into a strong alkaline solution, which can kill the trash fish, insects, grasshoppers, muddy moss, water net algae and some soft aquatic plants that remain in the pond. It can kill parasites and pathogens. Etc., so the sterilization effect is particularly good. 1,000 kilograms of lime can be used per acre. Sprinkle directly to the bottom of the pool. Fill with fresh water after splashing. Only after one week can you enter the seedlings into the pool.
High temperature precautions
In order to ensure that the loach can be healthy in summer, farmers in the high-temperature season from July to August should pay attention to the following issues.
The first is to do a good job of cooling down. Loach is suitable for growth and reproduction of the water temperature of 21 °C ~ 28 °C, summer sun exposure easy to muddy heatstroke. Planting climbing plants such as pumpkins, loofahs, grapes, or shading with straw can be done around the pool. You can also put in the right amount of floating plants, such as water hyacinth, water hyacinth, duckweed, etc., on the surface of the pond (but the area cannot exceed 1/1). 3), can also be used to change the temperature of the water, that is, in the summer when the pool level to 25 to 30 cm, and to replace the surface water pool to balance the pool temperature. Conditions can be used to reduce the temperature of the whole day micro-flow method, the effect is better.
The second is to pay attention to the quality of the food. The bait must be fresh and should not be fed degenerate, rancid feed, so as not to suffer from gastrointestinal problems after eating mud. In summer, the loach grows fast. Feed animal protein such as snail meat, fresh squid, and fly maggots as much as possible, and feed once a day for twice a day. Change should be before 9am and after 6pm. It is advisable to feed on a cool day and feed on the loach on the same day. The remaining bait should be removed in time to prevent contamination of the pool water.
The third is to control the water quality of Dianchi Lake. In summer, the water quality of Dianchi Lake is suitable for a pH of 7-8. If the pool water is acidic for a long time, lime water may be splashed into the pool for adjustment.
The fourth is to prevent diseases. The incidence of mud loach in summer is the highest, especially rotten gill disease, hydromycosis, and enteritis are particularly prominent. Can often use bleach solution across the pool sprinkle; or leek, garlic smashed, added to the feed in the concentrate; available lime 12.5 ~ 15 kg of water per acre Quanchiposa; can also be mixed with allicin in the feed, daily Feed once and feed continuously for 3 days.
The fifth is to prevent muddy floating heads. Under normal feeding conditions, if there is a general floating head, it indicates that the fish is kept in density, feeding more, and the loach grows vigorously. However, in the case of boring weather, rainy days, severe deterioration of water quality, bubbles on the surface of the water, etc., or when the morning and evening patrols were observed, the mudslides, cluster waters, and scattered swimming were found to indicate severe oxygen deficiency and must be dealt with promptly. For light floating heads, it is sufficient to inject fresh water immediately to increase oxygen, but it is not possible to inject water in the evening so as to avoid the convection of the upper and lower aquifers and aggravate the floating head. Dark floating heads occur mostly in the summer and early autumn. Because of their mild symptoms, they are not easily noticeable. For floating heads caused by sudden changes in weather and water quality, as long as the feeding is reduced, the bait residue can be removed in time, and new water can be quickly injected.
Breeding period management measures
The key to artificial rearing of loach is breeding. The natural spawning period of loach is longer, usually from April to August each year. From late May to late June, when the water temperature reaches 20°C~25°C, it is the spawning period. For inbreeding relatives, choose a loach that is more than 2 years old, has a good maturity, a strong physique, and no disease or injury. Female loach is best selected individuals with a body length of 15 cm or more, a body weight of 20 g or more, an abdomen enlargement, a wide pectoral fin, and a rounded front end; a male loach should be selected for individuals with a length and body weight slightly smaller than female loaches, narrow pectoral fins, and pointed tips.
Considering the limited conditions such as climate and environment, artificial insemination can be adopted for breeding. Such as artificially insemination can be performed by lightly pressing the abdomen with the outflow of egg particles and the outflow of semen from the male loach. Extruded eggs and semen can be mixed in an enamel pot, add water and then play 2 eggs and gently stir for 1 to 2 minutes, so that it enters the normal incubation stage, generally about 2 days can hatch seedlings. After hatching, the eggs in the water become their food. In this way, the survival rate of seedlings is extremely high. Naturally hatched loach seedlings have no activity and will be attached to the fish nest using a head's adsorber to absorb the yolk sac of the abdomen as a nutrient. After 3 to 4 days, the absorption of the yolk was completed, and the loach seedlings began to move and feed to move the fry from the hatchery or incubator into the seedling pool.
After the seedlings are put into the pool, they must be topdressed to keep the water quality cool, provide rich natural food for the loach seedlings, and feed them at the same time. In the first 7 days after entering the pool, 1 cooked egg yolk was fed every 100,000 fish fry. When feeding, the cooked egg is first wrapped in a double gauze and shattered in a bowl filled with water. After 7 days, the animals can be fed leeches, silkworm cocoons, fishmeal, and shattered animal organs. When the water temperature is 20°C~25°C, they are fed 3 to 4 times a day, and the fed amount is 3%~5% of the total weight of the fry. It is advisable to eat within 2 hours after feeding. During breeding, other fish, frogs and aquatic insects should be prevented from entering the fry pool.
Segregation management When the muddy seedlings grow to 3 to 4 cm, they should be divided into pools in time to reduce the density and speed up the growth. The sub-pool operation is similar to the fry fish seedlings of the family fish. First, the fish species are caught with the summer flower net, and the fish is put into the tie box for intensive exercise. When pulling the net to catch the seedlings, pay attention to the speed of pulling the net slowly, and operate carefully so as not to injure the fry. The fry was transported to other prepared ponds after being trained by pulling nets. The density of the rearing ponds is 100 to 200 per square meter, and 20~25 cm of fertilizer clay is used for the stockpiling before stocking. The basic fertilizer (bovine, pig, chicken, and duck droppings are all available), and the algae and water on the water surface Water lilies and other aquatic plants, or shading with branches, yarrow, etc. Stocking densities range from 10 to 200,000 per square meter. After the stocking, feeding is started, and the egg yolk, soybean powder, and dried quail are fed initially, and the compound feed is fed later. The amount of feed began to account for 2% to 5% of the total weight of the seedlings, and then increased to 10%, feeding once a day on the afternoon and afternoon. After 3 months of feeding, when the mud body reaches 10 cm in length, the adult fish can be cultured or marketed for sale.
Clever Use of Salt to Prevent and Control Blight
Practical experience shows that the use of salt can have a good effect on the prevention and treatment of loach disease.
The seedlings are disinfected and sterilized by seedlings in the lower pond before soaking with 1%~3% salt solution for 5~10 minutes to kill the bacteria, worms and slugs on the body surface of the loach, and have certain effects on the watery mildew. This method is safe and inexpensive to sterilize.
The slimming of water, the increase of temperature in early spring, the solar radiation in high temperature season, and the high content of organic matter in water during the injection stage of bubble seedlings can cause muddy bubble disease. At this time, the pond should be treated with fertilizer and water in a lean and thin pond. The pool water should be replaced by 1/3, then fresh water should be injected, and then 4 to 5 kg of salt water per acre should be used to dissolve the whole pool and be used for 2 to 3 days.
Regulating metabolic feed to add proper amount of salt, can treat intestinal flatulence, because salt and chlorine contained in salt is an indispensable ion to maintain normal physiological functions of cells, proper intake of salt is essential to maintain the acid-base balance of the body, for digestion The mucous membrane of the tract produces a certain stimulating effect, which can increase secretion of digestive juice, strengthen gastrointestinal motility, and promote digestive function of the gastrointestinal tract.
Regulation of water quality in summer, high temperature, high water content of organic matter, a variety of pathogenic bacteria, faster reproduction, more water quality changes leading to muddy, red skin, rotten, skin and other symptoms are more serious. At this point, the use of salt plus thioetheroxacin treatment of the above disease better.
Reduce the high temperature of ammonia nitrogen in summer, the deterioration of water quality, and the continuous increase of ammonia nitrogen and nitrite content will not only directly harm the loach but also induce other diseases. If the nitrite exceeds the standard, the salt can be dissolved by 5~7 per mu. The whole pool of kilograms of water is spilled, which can alleviate the nitrite poisoning in the mud.
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